Global Change Sites Publications

CO₂ Enrichment Experiments Publications

Australian Savanna Free Air CO₂ Enrichment Facility (OzFACE)

Stokes CJ, Ash AJ, Tibbett M & Holtum JAM (2005) OzFACE: the Australian Savanna Free Air CO₂ Enrichment facility and its relevance to carbon cycling issues in a tropical savanna. Australian Journal of Botany. 53: 677-687.

Basel

Asshoff, R., Zotz, G., and Körner, Ch. 2006. Growth and phenology of mature temperate forest trees in elevated CO₂. Global Change Biology 12:848-861.

Cech, P.G., Pepin, S., and Körner, Ch. 2003. Elevated CO₂ reduces sap flux in mature deciduous forest trees. Oecologia 137:258-268.

Keel, S.G., Siegwolf, R.T.W., and Körner, C. 2006. Canopy CO₂ enrichment permits tracing the fate of recently assimilated carbon in a mature deciduous forest. New Phytologist 172:319-329.

Körner, Ch., Asshoff, R., Bignucolo, O., Hättenschwiler, S., Keel, S.G., Pelaez-Riedl, S., Pepin S, Siegwolf, R.T.W., and Zotz, G. 2005. Carbon flux and growth in mature deciduous forest trees exposed to elevated CO₂. Science 309:1360-1362.

Pepin, S. and Körner, Ch. 2002. Web-FACE: a new canopy free-air CO₂ enrichment system for tall trees in mature forests. Oecologia 133:1-9.

Steinmann, K., Siegwolf, R., Saurer, M., and Korner, C. 2004. Carbon fluxes to the soil in a mature temperate forest assessed by C-13 isotope tracing. Oecologia 141:489-501.

Zotz, G., Pepin, S., and Körner, Ch. 2005. No down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis in mature forest trees after three years of exposure to elevated CO₂. Plant Biology 7:369-374.

Braunschweig

Blagodatsky, S.A., Blagodatsky, E.V., Anderson, T.H., and Weigel, H.J. 2006. Kinetics of the respiratory response of the soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in a field experiment with an elevated concentration of atmospheric CO₂. Eurasian Soil Science 39:290–297.

Burkart, S., Manderscheid, R. and Weigel, H.J. 2002. Interactive effects of atmospheric CO₂-concentration and plant available soil water content and canopy evapotranspiration and conductance of spring wheat. In: Villalobos, F.J. and Testi, L. (eds) 7th ESA Congress : Cordoba, Spain, 15-18 July 2002 ; book of proceedings. Sevilla, Espana : Consejeria di Agricultura y Pesca. p. 67-68.

Giesemann, A. 2005. Changes in soil C isotopic composition in an agroecosystem under Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) treatment during a crop rotation period. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 19:1373-1380.

Manderscheid, R., Fruhauf, C. and Weigel, H.J. 2002. Effects of free-air CO₂enrichment (FACE) and soil nitrogen fertilizer on radiation absorption, radiation use efficiency and yield of winter barley. In: Villalobos, F.J. and Testi, L (eds) Book of proceedings / 7th ESA Congress, 15-18 July, 2002. Cordoba, Spain. Sevilla, Espana : Consejeria di Agricultura y Pesca,. p. 207-208.

Soe, A., Giesemann, A., Anderson, T.H., Weigel, H.J. and Buchmann, N. 2004. Influence of elevated CO₂ on soil respiration and its partitioning into recently assimilated and older carbon sources. Plant and Soil 262: 85-94.

Sticht, C., Schrader, S., Giesemann, A., and Weigel, H.J. 2006. Effects of elevated CO₂ and N fertilization on abundance, diversity and C isotopic signature of collembolan communities in arable soil. Applied Soil Ecology 34:219-229.

Weigel, H.J. und Dammgen, U. 2003. Das Braunschweiger Kohlenstoff-Projekt: Atmosphaerisches Fluss-Monitoring und Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE). In: Esser, G.; Holm-Mueller, K; Prentice, C. (Hrsg.), Bedeutung der Wechselwirkungen Biosphäre-Atmosphäre für die nachhaltige Nutzung der Biosphäre und den Klimaschutz, Bonn. p. 55-63Weigel, H.J. and Manderscheid, R. 2004. CO₂ enrichment effects on forage and grain nitrogen concentration of pasture and cereal plant species. Journal of Crop production 13:73-89.

Weigel, H.J. and Dammgen, U. 2000. The Braunschweig Carbon Project: atmospheric flux monitoring and Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE). Journal of Applied Botany 74:55-60.

Weigel, H.J., Fruhauf, C., Burkart, S. and Dammgen, U. 2002. The Braunschweig Carbon Project: Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) and atmospheric flux monitoring in arable crop rotation systems. In: Villalobos FJ, Testi L (eds) Book of proceedings / 7th ESA Congress, 15-18 July, 2002. Cordoba, Spain. Sevilla, Espana : Consejeria di Agricultura y Pesca. p. 791-792.

Weigel, H.J., Manderscheid, R., Burkart, S., Pacholski, A., Waloszcyk, K., Fruhauf, C., and Heinemeyer, O. 2006. Responses of an arable crop rotation system to elevated CO₂. In: Nösberger, J., Long, S.P., Norby, R.J., Stitt, M., Hendrey, G.R., and Blum, H. (eds.), Managed Ecosystems and CO₂ - Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives. Series: Ecological Studies 187, Springer Verlag. p. 121-137.

Weigel, H.J., Pacholski, A., Burkart, S., Helal, M., Heinemeyer, O., Kleikamp, B., Manderscheid, R., Fruhauf, C., Hendrey, G.R., Lewin, and Nagy, J. 2005. Carbon turnover in a crop rotation under Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE). Pedosphere 15: 728-738.

Linden

Jäger, H.-J., Schmidt, S.W., Kammann, C., Grünhage, L., Müller, C., and Hanewald, K. 2003. The University of Giessen free-air carbon dioxide enrichment study: description of the experimental site and of a new enrichment system. Journal of Applied Botany 77:117-127.

Kammann, C., Grünhage, L., Grüters, U., Janze, S., and Jäger, H.-J. 2005. Response of aboveground grassland biomass and soil moisture to moderate long-term CO₂ enrichment. Basic and Applied Ecology 6:351-365.

Stillberg – Davos

Handa, I.T., Körner, Ch., and Hättenschwiler, S. 2005. A test of the tree-line carbon limitation hypothesis by in situ CO₂ enrichment and defoliation. Ecology 86:1288-1300.

Handa, I.T., Körner, C., and Hättenschwiler, S. 2006. Conifer stem growth at the altitudinal treeline in response to four years of CO₂ enrichment. Global Change Biology 12:2417-2430.

Hättenschwiler, S., Handa, I.T., Egli, L., Asshoff, R., Ammann, W., and Körner, C. 2002. Atmospheric CO₂ enrichment of alpine treeline conifers. New Phytologist 156:363-375.

CO₂ and Nitrogen Manipulation Publications

Duke Forest FACE Experiment: Forest-Atmosphere Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I)

Albani, M., Medvigy, D., Hurtt, G.C., and Moorcroft, P. 2006. The contributions of land-use change, CO₂ fertilization, and climate variability to the Eastern US carbon sink. Global Change Biology 12:2370-2390

Bernhardt, E., Barber, J., Pippen, J., Taneva, L., Andrews, J., and Schlesinger, W. 2006. Long-term effects of free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) on soil respiration. Biogeochemistry 77(1):91-116.

Billings, S. and Ziegler, S. 2005. Linking microbial activity and soil organic matter transformations in forest soils under elevated CO₂. Global Change Biology 11:203-212.

Ceulemans, R., De Angelis, P., Finzi, A., Karnosky, D., Kubiske, M., Lukac, M., Pregitzer, K., Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Schlesinger, W., and Oren, R. 2005. Forest response to elevated CO₂ is conserved across a broad range of productivity. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:18052-18056.

Crous, K. and Ellsworth, D. 2004. Canopy position affects photosynthetic adjustments to long-term elevated CO₂ concentration (FACE) in aging needles in a mature Pinus taeda forest. Tree Physiology 24:961-970.

Davey, P., Hunt, S., Hymus, G., DeLucia, E., Drake, B., Karnosky, D., and Long, S. 2004. Respiratory oxygen uptake is not decreased by an instantaneous elevation of [CO₂], but is increased by long-term growth in the field at elevated [CO₂]. Plant Physiology 134:520-527.

DeLucia, E.H., Moore, D.J., Hamilton, J.G., Thomas, R.B., Springer, C.J., and Corby, R.J. 2005. The Changing Role of Forests in the Global Carbon Cycle: Responding to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere. In: Lal, R., Duxbury, J., Stewart, B.A., and Hansen, D.O. (eds.) Climate Change and Global Food Security. CRC Press, Marcel Dekker.

DeLucia, E., Moore, D., and Norby, R. 2005. Contrasting responses of forest ecosystems to rising atmospheric CO₂: Implications for the global C cycle. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19(3): GB3006, doi:10.1029/2004GB002346.

Ellsworth, D., Reich, P., Naumburg, E., Koch, G., Kubiske, M., and Smith, S. 2004. Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated p CO₂ across four Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert. Global Change Biology 10:2121-2138.

Finzi, A., DeLucia, E., and Schlesinger, W. 2004. Canopy N and P dynamics of a southeastern US pine forest under elevated CO₂. Biogeochemistry 69:363–378.

Finzi, A.C., Moore, D.J., DeLucia, E.H., Kim, H-S., Jackson, R.L., Lichter, J., McCarthy, H., Oren, R., Pippen, J.S., and Schlesinger, W.H. 2006. Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem processes under elevated CO₂ in a warm-temperate forest. Ecology 87(1):15-25.

Finzi, A.C., Sinsabaugh, R.L., Long, T.M., and Osgood, M.P. 2006. Microbial community responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment in a warm-temperate forest. Ecosystems 9:215-226.

Gonzalez-Meler, M.A. and Taneva, L. 2005. Integrated effects of atmospheric CO₂ concentration on plant and ecosystem respiration. In: Lambers, H. and Ribas-Carbo, M. (eds.). Plant Respiration. Kluwer-Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. p. 211-259.

Gonzalez-Meler, M.A., Taneva, L., and Trueman, R.J. 2004. Plant Respiration and Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration: Cellular Responses and Global Significance Annals of Botany 94:647-656.

Hamilton, J., Zangerl, A., Berenbaum, M., Pippen, J., Aldea, M., and DeLucia, E. 2004. Insect herbivory in an intact forest understory under experimental CO₂ enrichment. Oecologia 138:566-573.

Herrick, J., Maherali, H., and Thomas, R. 2004. Reduced stomatal conductance in sweetgum(Liquidambar styraciflua) sustained over long-term CO₂ enrichment. New Phytologist 162:387-396.

Hofmockel, K.S. and Schlesinger, W.H. 2007. Carbon dioxide effects on heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation in a temperate pine forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 71(1):140-144.

Hyvönen, R., Ågren, G.I., Linder, S., Persson, T., Cotrufo, M.F., Ekblad, A., Freeman, M., Grelle, A., Janssens, I.A., Jarvis, P.G., Kellomäki, S., Lindroth, A., Loustau, D., Lundmark, T., Norby, R.J., Oren, R., Pilegaard, K., Ryan, M.G., Sigurdsson, B.D., Strömgren, M., van Oijen, M., and Wallin. G. 2007. The likely impact of elevated [CO₂], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review. New Phytologist 173:463-480.

Johnson, D.W. 2006. Progressive N limitation in forests: review and implications for long-term responses to elevated CO₂. Ecology 87(1):64-75.

King, J., Hanson, P., Bernhardt, E., DeAngelis, P., Norby, R., and Pregitzer, K. 2004. A multiyear synthesis of soil respiration responses to elevated atmospheric CO₂ from four forest FACE experiments Global Change Biology 10:1027-1042.

Knepp, R., Hamilton, J., Mohan, J., Zangerl, A., Berenbaum, M., and DeLucia, E. 2005. Elevated CO₂ reduces leaf damage by insect herbivores in a forest community. New Phytologist 167:207-218.

LaDeau, S.L. and Clark, J.S. 2006. Elevated CO₂ and tree fecundity: the role of tree size, interannual variability and population heterogeneity. Global Change Biology 12(5):822-833.

LaDeau, S.L. and Clark, J.S. 2006. Pollen production in Pinus taeda growing in elevated CO₂. Functional Ecology 20:541-547.

Lichter, J., Barron, S., Finzi, A., Irving, K., Roberts, M., Stemmler, E., and Schlesinger, W. 2005. Soil carbon sequestration and turnover in a pine forest after six years of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment. Ecology 86(7):1835-1847.

Luo, Y., Hui, D., and Zhang, D. 2006. Elevated CO₂ stimulates net accumulations of carbon and nitrogen in land ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Ecology 87(1):53-63.

Luo, Y., Su, B., Currie, W., Dukes, J., Finzi, A., Hartwig, U., Hungate, B., McMurtrie, R., Oren, R., Parton, W., Pataki, D., Shaw, M., Zak, D., and Field, C. 2004. Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. BioScience 54(8):731-739.

McCarthy, H.R., Oren, R., Finzi, A.C., and Johnsen, K.H. 2006. Canopy leaf area constrains [CO₂]-induced enhancement of productivity and partitioning among aboveground carbon pools. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 103:19356-19361.

McCarthy, H.R., Oren, R., Kim, H-S., Johnsen, K.H., Maier, C., Pritchard, S.G., and Davis, M.A. 2006. Interaction of ice storms and management practices on current carbon sequestration in forests with potential mitigation under future CO₂ atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: D15103, doi:10.1029/2005JD006428.

McElrone, A.J., Reid, C.D., Hoye, K.A., Hart, E., and Jackson, R.B. 2005. Elevated CO₂ reduces disease incidence and severity of a red maple fungal pathogen via changes in host physiology and leaf chemistry. Global Change Biology 11:1828-1836.

Mohan, J., Clark, J., and Schlesinger, W. 2004. Genetic variation in germination, growth, and survivorship of red maple in response to subambient through elevated atmospheric CO₂. Global Change Biology 10:233-247.

Mohan, J.E., Ziska, L.H., Thomas, R.B., Sicher, R.C., George, K., Clark, J.S., and Schlesinger, W.H. 2006. Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO₂. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 103(24):9086-9089.

Neher, D.A., Weicht, T.R., Moorhead, D.L., and Sinsabaugh,. R.L. 2004. Elevated CO₂ alters functional attributes of nematode communities in forest soils. Functional Ecology 18:584-591.

Norby, R., DeLucia, E., Gielen, B., Calfapietra, C., Giardina, C., King, J., Ledford, J., McCarthy, H., Moore, D., Nowak, R.S., Ellsworth, D.S., and Smith, S.D. 2004. Functional responses of plants to elevated atmospheric CO₂ - Do photosynthetic and productivity data from FACE experiments support early predictions? Tansley Review. New Phytologist 162:253-280.

Palmroth, S., Oren, R., McCarthy, H.R., Johnsen, K.H., Finzi, A.C., Butnor, J.R., and Ryan, M.G. 2006. Aboveground sink strength in forests controls the allocation of carbon below ground and its [CO₂]-induced enhancement. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 103:19362-19367.

Parrent, J.L., Morris, W.F., and Vilgalys, R. 2006. CO₂-enrichment and nutrient availability alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. Ecology 87(9):2278-2287.

Schlesinger, W.H., Bernhardt, E.S., DeLucia, E.H., Ellsworth, D.H., Finzi, A.C., Hendrey, G.R., Hofmockel, K.S., Lichter, J., Matamala, R., Moore, D., Oren, R., Pippen, J.S., and Thomas, R.B. 2006. The Duke Forest FACE experiment: CO₂ enrichment of a loblolly pine forest. In: Osberger, J., Long, S.P., Norby, R.J., Stitt, M., Hendrey, G.R., and Blum H (eds.) Managed Ecosystems and CO₂ Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives. Ecological Studies 187:197-212.

Springer, C., DeLucia, E., and Thomas, R. 2005. Relationships between net photosynthesis and foliar nitrogen concentrations in a loblolly pine forest ecosystem grown in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Tree Physiology 25(4):385-394.

Springer, C.J. and Thomas, R.B. 2007. Photosynthetic responses of forest understory tree species to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide concentration at the Duke Forest FACE experiment. Tree Physiology 27(1):25-32.

Suwa, M., Katul, G., Oren, R., Andrews, J., Pippen, J., Mace, A., and Schlesinger, W. 2004. Impact of Elevated Atmospheric CO₂on Forest Floor Respiration in a Temperate Pine Forest. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18(2): GB2013, doi:10.1029/2003GB002182.

Taneva, L., Pippen, J.S., Schlesinger, W.H., and Gonzalez-Meler, M.A. 2006. The turnover of carbon pools contributing to soil CO₂ and soil respiration in a temperate forest exposed to elevated CO₂ concentration. Global Change Biology 12:983-994.

Nitrogen Addition Site Information

Aber Forest, Wales, UK  (NITREX)

Emmett, B.A., Brittain, S.A., Hughes, S., Gorres, J., Kennedy, V., Norris, D., Rafarel, R., Reynolds, B., and Stevens, P.A. 1995. Nitrogen additions (NaNO₃ and NH₄NO₃) at Aber forest, Wales: I. Response of throughfall and soil water chemistry. Forest Ecology and Management 71:45-59.

Emmett, B., Kjønaas, O.J., Gundersen, P., Koopmans, C., Tietema, A., and Sleep, D. 1998. Natural abundance of 15N in forests across a nitrogen deposition gradient, Forest Ecology and Management 101:9-18.

Emmett, B., Reynolds, B., Silgram, M., Sparks, T.H., and Woods, C.. 1998. The consequences of chronic nitrogen additions on N cycling and soilwater chemistry in a Sitka spruce stand, North Wales. Forest Ecology and Management 101:165-175.

Adirondack Manipulation and Modeling Project Sites, New York, USA

Mitchell, M.J. 2001. Linkages of nitrate losses in watersheds to hydrological processes. Hydrological Processes 15:3305-3307.

Mitchell, M.J. 2001. Researching the effects of air pollution on forest, water ecosystems. Spruce Moose (Adirondack Ecological Center, SUNY-ESF, Newcomb, NY 12852) Fall/Winter 2001:2-3.

Mitchell, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., Owen, J., Schaefer, D., Michener, R., and Raynal, D.J. 2001. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of three hardwood forest ecosystems in the Adirondack Mountains. Biogeochemistry 56: 93-133.

Mitchell, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., Porter, J.H., Raynal, D.J., Schaefer, D., and White, E.H. 1994. The Adirondack Manipulation and Modeling Project (AMMP): design and preliminary results. Forest Ecology and Management 68:87-100.

Alptal, Switzerland  (NITREX)

Hagedorn, F., Bucher, J.B., and Schleppi, P. 2001. Contrasting dynamics of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil and surface waters of forested catchments with Gleysols. Geoderma 100:173-192.

Mohn, J., Schürmann, A., Hagedorn, F., Schleppi, P., and Bachofen, R. 2000. Increased rates of denitrification in nitrogen-treated forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management 137:113-119.

Schleppi, P., Bucher-Wallin, I., Siegwolf, R., Saurer, M., Muller, N., and Bucher J.B. 1999. Simulation of increased nitrogen deposition to a montane forest ecosystem: partitioning of the added 15N. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 116:129-134.

Tietema, A., Boxman, A.W., Bredemeier, M., Emmett, B.A., Moldan, F., Gundersen, P., Schleppi, P., and Wright, R.F. 1998. Nitrogen saturation experiments (NITREX) in coniferous forest ecosystems in Europe: a summary of results. Environmental Pollution 102(S1):433-437.

Tietema, A., Wright, R.F., Blanck, K., Boxman, A.W., Bredemeier, M., Emmett, B.A., Gundersen, P., Hultberg, H., Kjønaas, O.J., Moldan, F., Roelofs, J.G.M., Schleppi, P., Stuanes, A.O., and Van Breemen, N., 1995. NITREX: the timing of response of coniferous forest ecosystems to experimentally-changed nitrogen deposition. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 85:1623-1628.

Dinghushan

Fang, Yun-Ting, Yoh, M., Mo, Jiang-Ming, Gundersen, P., and Zhou, Guo-Yi. Response of nitrogen leaching to simulated nitrogen deposition in a disturbed and a mature forest in Southern China. Pedosphere (in press).

Fang, Y.T., Zhu, W.X., Mo, J.M., Zhou, G.Y., and Gundersen, P. .2006. .Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south China. Journal of Environmental Science-China 18:752-759.

Guoliang ,Xu, Jiang-ming, Mo, Shenglei, Fu, Xing, Ke , Per, Gundersen, Guoyi, Zhou, and Jinghua Xue. The response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition-a nursery experiment in subtropical China. Journal of Environmental Sciences (in press).

Guoliang, Xu, Mo, Jiang-Ming, and Zhou, Guo-Yi. 2006. Preliminary response of soil fauna to simulated N deposition in three typical subtropical forests. Pedosphere, 16(5): 596-601.

Jiangming, Mo, Wei, Zhag, Weixing, Zhu, Yunting, Fang, Dejun, Li, and Ping, Zhao. Response of soil respiration to simulated N deposition in a disturbed and a rehabilitated tropical forest in southern China. Plant and Soil (in press).

Lu, Xian-Kai, Mo, Jiang-Ming, Per, Gundersern, Zhu, Wei-Xing, Zhou, Guo-Yi, Li, De-Jun, and Zhang, Xu. Effects of simulated N deposition on soil exchangeable cations in three forest land-use types in Subtropical China. Pedosphere (in press).

Mo, J.M., Brown, S., Xue, J.H., Fang, Y.T., and Li, Z.A. 2006. Response of litter decomposition to simulated N deposition in disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forests in subtropical China. Plant and Soil 282:135-151.

Mo, J.M., Brown, S., Xue, J.H., Fang, Y.T., Li, Z.A., Li, D.J., and Dong, S.F. 2007. Response of nutrient dynamics of decomposing pine (Pinus massoniana) needles to simulated N deposition in a disturbed and a rehabilitated forest in tropical China. Ecological Research (in press). DOI 10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0.

Fernow

Adams, M. B. and Angradi, T. R. 1996. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of hardwood leaf litter in the Fernow whole-watershed acidification experiment. Forest Ecology and Management 83:61-69.

Adams, Mary Beth, Angradi, Ted R., and Kochenderfer, James N. 1997. Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 95:79-91.

Adams, Mary Beth, DeWalle, David R., and Hom, John L., eds. 2006. The Fernow Watershed Acidification Study. Springer. 279 p.

Adams, M.B., Edwards, P.J., Wood, F., and Kochenderfer, J.N. 1993. Artificial watershed acidification on the Fernow Experimental Forest, USA. Journal of Hydrology 150:505-519.

Adams, M.B., Kochenderfer, J.N., Angradi, T.R., and Edwards, P.J. 1995. Nutrient budgets of two watersheds on the Fernow Experimental Forest. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W. and Fosbroke, Sandra L.C. (eds.). Proceedings, 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. 1995 March 5-8; Morgantown, WV. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report NE-197:119-130.

DeWalle, David R., Tepp, Jeffrey S., Pickens, Callie J., Edwards, Pamela J., and Sharpe, William E. 1995. Tree-ring chemistry response in black cherry to ammonium sulfate fertilization at two West Virginia sites. In: Gottschalk, Kurt W. and Fosbroke, Sandra L.C. (eds._. Proceedings, 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. 1995 March 5-8; Morgantown, WV. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report NE-197:179-187

Edwards, Pamela J. and Williard, Karl W.J. 2006. Declines in soil-water nitrate in nitrogen-saturated watersheds. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1931-1942.

Gilliam, Frank S., Lyttle, Nikki L., Thomas, Ashley, and Adams, Mary Beth. 2005. Soil variability along a nitrogen mineralization and nitrification gradient in a nitrogen-saturated hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69:247-256.

May, Jeffrey D., Burdette, Sarah Beth, Gilliam, Frank S., and Adams, Mary Beth. 2005. Interspecific divergence in foliar nutrient dynamics and stem growth in a temperate forest in response to chronic nitrogen inputs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:1023-1030.

Peterjohn, William T., Foster, Cassie J., Christ, Martin J., Adams, Mary B. 1999. Patterns of nitrogen availability within a forested watershed exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation. Forest Ecology and Management 119(1999):247-257.

Williard, Karl W. J., DeWalle, David R., and Edwards, Pamela J. 2005. Influence of bedrock geology and tree species composition on stream nitrate concentrations in mid-Appalachian forested watersheds. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 160:55-76.

Harvard Forest

Aber, J., McDowell, W., Nadelhoffer, K., Magill, A., Bernston, G., Kamakea, M., McNulty, S., Currie, W., Rustad, L., and Fernandez, I. 1998. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. Bioscience 48: 921-934.

Aber, J.D., Magill, A., and Boone, R. 1993. Plant and soil responses to chronic nitrogen additions at the Harvard forest, Massachusetts. Ecol. Appl. 3: 156-166.

Aber, J., Ollinger, S., and Driscoll, C. 1997. Modeling nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems in response to land use and atmospheric deposition. Ecological Modelling 101: 61-78.

Currie, W., Aber, J., and Driscoll, C. Leaching of nutrient cations from the forest floor: effects of nitrogen saturation in two long-term manipulations. Can. J. For. Res. 29:609-620.

Magill, A.H., Aber, J.D., Berntson, G.M., McDowell, W.H., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Melillo, J.M., and Steudler, P. 2000. Long-term nitrogen additions and nitrogen saturation in two temperate forests. Ecosystems 3: 238-253.

Magill, A.H. and Aber, J.D. 1998. Long-term effects of experimental nitrogen additions on foliar litter decay and humus formation in forest ecosystems. Plant and Soil 203: 301-311.

Magill, A.H., Aber, J.D., Hendricks, J.J., Bowden, R.D., Melillo, J.M., and Steudler, P.A. 1997. Biogeochemical response of forest ecosystems to simulated chronic nitrogen deposition. Ecological Appl. 7: 402-415.

Huntington Forest

Christopher, S.F., Mitchell, M.J., McHale, M.R., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D.A., and Kendall, C.. 2007. Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses. Hydrological Processes (in press).

Driscoll, C.T., Driscoll, K.M., Mitchell, M.J., Raynal, D.J., and Roy, K. 2006. Effects of atmospheric deposition of strong acids and mercury on forest and aquatic ecosystems in the Adirondack region of New York State. In: Porter, W.P., Whaley, R.S., and Erickson, J.D. (eds.). Light from an Adirondack Prism: The Great Experiment in Conservation Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY (in press).

Ito, M., Mitchell, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., Newton, R.M., Johnson, C.E., and Roy, K.M. 2007. Controls on nitrogen solutes in two lake-watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York. Hydrological Processes 21:1249-1264.

Ito, M., Mitchell, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., and Roy, K.M. 2005a. Nitrogen input-output budgets for lake-watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York. Biogeochemistry 72:283-314.

Ito, M., Mitchell, M.J., Driscoll, C.T., and Roy, K.M. 2005b. An analysis of factors affecting acid neutralizing capacity in the Adirondack region of New York: a solute mass balance approach. Environmental Science and Technology 39:4076-4081.

Solling, Lower Saxony, Germany

Beese, F., Waraghai, A., Wöhler, I., Stickan, W., and Meiwes, K.J. 1991. Phaenologie und Inhaltsstoffe von Buchenblaettern in Relation zur Aciditaet von Boden. Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldoekosysteme, Univ. Goettingen, Germany, Reihe B, Bd. 25.

Brumme, R. and Beese, F. 1992. Effects of liming and nitrogen fertilization on emissions of CO₂ and N₂O from temperate forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 97:12851-12858.

Corre, M.D., Beese, F.O., and Brumme, R. 2003. Internal N cycle in high nitrogen deposition forest soil: changes under nitrogen saturation and liming. Ecological Applications 13: 287-298.

Corre ,M.D., Brumme, R., Veldkamp, E., and Beese, F.O. Changes in nitrogen cycling and retention processes in soils under spruce forests along a nitrogen enrichment gradient in Germany. Global Change Biology (in press).

Corre, M.D. and Lamersdorf, N.P. 2004. Reversal of nitrogen saturation after long-term reduction of nitrogen deposition: changes in the soil nitrogen cycle. Ecology 85:3090-3104.

Lamersdorf, N.P. and Borken, W. 2004. Clean rain promotes root growth and soil respiration in a Norway spruce forest. Global Change Biology 10:1-12.

Matzner, E. 1989. Acid precipitation: case study Solling. In: Adriano, D.C. and Havas, M. (eds.). Acid precipitation. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA. p. 95-115.

Matzner, E., and Meiwes, K.J. 1994. Long-term development of element fluxes with bulk precipitation and throughfall in two German forests. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:162-166.

Meesenburg, H., Meiwes, K.J., and Rademacher,P. 1995. Long term trends in atmospheric deposition and seepage output in northwest German forest ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85:611-616.

Meiwes, K.J., Merino, A., and Beese, F.O. 1998. Chemical composition of throughfall, soil water, leaves and leaf litter in a beech forest receiving long term application of ammonium sulphate. Plant and Soil 201:217-230.

Rapp, C. 1991. Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Kalkung und Ammoniumsulfat-Duengung auf Feinwurzeln und Ektomykorrhizen eines Buchenaltbestandes im Solling. Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldoekosysteme, Univ. Goettingen, Germany, Reihe A, Bd. 72.

Xu, Y-J., Blank, K., Bredemeier, M. et al. 1998. Hydrochemical input-output budgets for a clean rain and drought experiment at Solling. Forest Ecology and Management. 101:295-306.

Warming Experiment Publications by Site

Clocaenog (VULCAN)

Beier, C., Emmett, B., Gundersen, P., Tietema, A., Penuelas, J., Estiarte, M., Gordon, C., Gorissen, A., Llorens, L., Roda, F., and Williams, D. 2004. Novel approaches to study climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the field - drought and passive night time warming. Ecosystems 7:583-597.

Emmett, B.A., Beier, C., Estiarte, M., Tietema, A., Kristensen, H.L., Williams, D., Peñuelas, J., Schmidt, I.K., and Sowerby, A. 2004. The response of soil processes to climate change: results from manipulation studies across an environmental gradient. Ecosystems 7:625-637.

Gorissen, A., Tietema, A., Joosten, N.N., Estiarte, M., Peñuelas, J., Sowerby, A., Emmett, B.A., and Beier, C. 2004. Climate change affects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems 7:650-661.

Llorens, L, Peñuelas, J., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A.; Estiarte, M., and Tietema, A. 2004. Effects of an experimental increase of temperature and drought on the photosynthetic performance of two Ericaceous shrub species along a north-south European gradient. Ecosystems 7:613-624.

Peñuelas, J., Gordon, C., Llorens, L., Nielsen, T., Tietema, A., Beier, C., Bruna, P., Emmett, B.A., Estiarte, M., and Gorissen, A. 2004. Non-intrusive field experiments show different plant responses to warming and drought among sites, seasons and species in a North-South European gradient. Ecosystems 7:598-612.

Schmidt, I.K., Tietema, A., Williams, D., Gundersen, P., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., and Estiarte, M. 2004. Soil solution chemistry and element fluxes in three European heathlands and their responses to warming and drought. Ecosystems 7:638-649.

Sowerby, A., Emmett, B., Beier, C., Tietema, A., Penuelas, J., Estiarte, M., van Meeteren, M.J.M., Hughes, S., and Freeman, C. 2005. Microbial community changes in heathland soil communities along a geographical gradient: interaction with climate change manipulations. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37:1805-1813.

Sowerby, A., Emmett, B.A., Tietema, A., and Beier, C. Experimental evidence for long term effects of repeated summer drought on soil carbon efflux from different European heathland ecosystems. Global Change Biology (in review).

Wessel, W.W., Tietema, A., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., Peñuelas, J., and Riis-Nielsen, T. 2004. A qualitative ecosystem assessment for different shrublands in Western Europe under impact of climate change using the results of the CLIMOOR research project. Ecosystems 7:662-671.

Garraf (VULCAN)

Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., and Estiarte, M. 2007. Seasonal patterns of root-surface phosphatase activities in a Mediterranean shrubland. Responses to experimental warming and drought. Biology and Fertility of Soils. In prep.

Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., and Estiarte, M. 2006. Warming and drought alter soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability in a Mediterranean shrubland. Plant and Soil. 289:227–238.

Riera, P., Peñuelas, J., Farreras, V. and Estiarte, M. 2007. Valuation of climate change effects on Mediterranean shrublands. Ecological Applications. 17: 91-100.

Llusia, J., Peñuelas, J., Alessio, G. and Estiarte, M. 2006. Seasonal contrasting changes of foliar concentrations of terpenes and other VOC in four dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to a field experimental drought and warming. Physiologia Plantarum. 127:632-649.

Lloret, F., Peñuelas, J., and Estiarte, M. 2005. Effects of vegetation canopy and climate on seedling establishment in Mediterranean shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 67-76.

Sowerby, A., Emmett, B., Beier, C., Tietema, A., Peñuelas, J., Estiarte, M., Maartje, J.M., Van Meeteren, Hughes, S., and Freeman, C. 2005. Microbial community changes in heathland soil communities along a geographical gradient: interaction with climate change manipulations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1805-1813.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J., Estiarte, M., and Bruna, P. 2004. Contrasting growth changes in two dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental drought and warming. Annals of Botany 94: 843-853.

Filella, I., Peñuelas, J., Llorens, L., and Estiarte, M. 2004. Reflectance assessment of seasonal and annual changes in biomass and CO² uptake of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental warming and drought. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 308-318.

Emmet, B., Beier, C., Estiarte, M., Tietema, A., Kristensen, H.L., Dylan, W., Peñuelas, J., Schmidt, I. and Sowerby, A. The response of soil processes to climate change: Results from manipulation studies of shrublands across an environmental gradient. Ecosystems 7: 625-637.

Gorissen, A., Tietema, A., Joonsten, N.N., Estiarte, M., Peñuelas, J., Sowerby, A., Emmet, B. and Beier, C. 2004. Climate change affects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems 7: 650-611.

Peñuelas, J., Gordon, C., Llorens, L., Nielson, T.R., Tietema, A., Beier, C., Bruna, P., Emmet, B., Estiarte, M. and Gorissen, A. 2004. Non-intrusive field experiments show different plant responses to warming and drought among sites, seasons and species in a North-South European gradient. Ecosystems 7: 598-612.

Beier, C., Emmet, B., Gundersen, P., Tietema, A., Peñuelas, J., Estiarte, M., Gordon, C., Gorissen, A., Llorens, L., Roda, F. and Williams, D. 2004. Novel approaches to study climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the field: drought and passive nighttime warming. Ecosystems 7: 583-597.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J., Beier, C., Emmet, B., Estiarte, M. and Tietema, A. 2004. Effects of an experimental increase of temperature and drought on the photosynthetic performance of two Ericaceous shrub species along a north-south European gradient. Ecosystems 7: 613-624.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J. and Estiarte, M. 2004. Experimental evidence of reduced diversity of seedlings due to climate modification in a Mediterranean-type community. Global Change Biology 10: 248-258.

Peñuelas, J., Filella, I., Zhang, X., Llorens, L., Ogaya, R., Lloret, F., Comas, P., Estiarte, M. and Terradas, J. 2004. Complex spatiotemporal phenological shifts as a response to rainfall changes. New Phytologyst 161:837-846.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J. and Estiarte, M. 2003. Ecophysiological responses of two Mediterranean shrubs, Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum, to experimentally drier and warmer conditions. Physiologia Plantarum 119:231-243.

Kiskunsag (VULCAN)

Bakonyi, Gábor, Nagy, Péter, Kovács-Láng, Edit, Kovács, Eszter, Barabás, Sándor, Répási, Viktória, Seres, Anikó. 2007. Soil nematode community structure as affected by temperature and moisture in a temperate semiarid shrubland. Manuscript accepted.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, G.,and Rédei T. 2005. A klímaváltozás hatása a természetközeli erdőssztyepp ökoszisztémákra.(The effects of climate change on forest-steppe ecosystems). Magyar Tudomány 7:812-817. (in Hungarian)

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Kertész, M., Fekete, G., Mika, J., Rédei, T., Rajkai, K., Hahn, I., and Bartha, S. 2000. Changes in the composition of sand grasslands along a climatic gradient in Hungary and implications for climate change. Phytocoenologia 30(3-4):385-407.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Lhotsky, B., and Garadnai, J. 2001. Ecological effects of climate change in semiarid grasslands. In: Shuvalov,V.A.et al. (eds.) Biological resources and sustainable development. Proc. of BIORES International Conference, Puschino, NIA Priroda, Moscow. RU 29.10-02.11.2001. p. 97-98.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Lhotsky, B., and Garadnai, J. 2002. Indirect and direct approaches in studying the ecological effects of climate change in dry grasslands in Hungary. In: Durand, J., Emile, J., Huyghe, Ch., and Lemaire, G. (eds.) Grassland Science in Europe, Multi-function grasslands, AFPF, Versailles, France, Vol. 7. p. 700-701.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Lhotsky, B., Garadnai, J., and Rédei, T. 2002. The role of drought in the dynamics of semiarid grasslands. In: Durand, J., Emile, J., Huyghe, Ch., and Lemaire, G.(eds.) Grassland Science in Europe, Multi-function grasslands, AFPF, Versailles, France, Vol. 7. p.798-799.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Rédei, T., Lhotsky, B., and Garadnai, J. 2006. The effect of climate change on forest-steppe ecosystems in the Carpathian Basin. In: Láng, I., Faragó, T., and Iványi, Zs.(eds.) International Conference on Climate Change: Impacts and Responses in Central and Eastern European Countries, 5-8 November 2005. Pécs, Conference Proceedings, Published by HAS, MEW and REC, ISBN 963 508 5192. p. 294-300.

Penuelas, J., Prieto, P., Beier, C., Cesaraccio, C., De Angelis, P., de Dato, G., Emmett, B., Estiarte, M., Garadnai, J., Gorissen, A., Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Llorens, L., Pellizaro, G., Riis-Nielsen, T., Schmidt, IK., Sirca, C., Sowerby, A., Spano, D., and Tietema, A. 2007. Response of plant species richness and primary productivity in shrublands along a north-south gradient in Europe to seven years of experimental warming and drought. Reduction in primary productivity in the heat and drought year of 2003. Global Change Biology (in review).

Abstracts

Kalapos, T., Mojzes, A., Kovács, E., and Kovács-Láng, E. 2005. Ecophysiological responses to simulated climate change (drought or nocturnal warming) in a semiarid forest-steppe in Hungary. In: Abstracts XVII.International Botanical Congress, 17-23 July 2005. Vienna. p.516.

Kovács-Láng, E., Kröel-Dulay, G., Barabás, S., Garadnai, J., Kovács, E., Lhotsky,B. 2005. Ecosystem responses in climate change experiment in the Pannonian sand forest-steppe. In: Abstracts of the 48^th IAVS Symposium, 24-29 July 2005. Lisbon, Portugal. p. 103.

Kovács-Láng, E., Lhotsky, B., Lellei-Kovács, E., Kröel-Dulay, Gy., Kalapos, T., Rajkai, K., Mojzes, A., Garadnai, J., and Barabás, S. 2006. Precipitation, water availability and ecosystem functions in a sand forest-steppe. In: Poster Abstracts of EPRECOT Workshop, 22-25 May 2006. Helsingor, Denmark. p. 15.

Kröel-Dulay, G., Garadnai, J., Lhotsky, B., Rédei, T., and Kovács-Láng E. 2005. Extreme drought, grass regeneration, and shift in species dominance in the Pannonian sand grassland. In: Abstracts of the 48^th IAVS Symposium. 24-29 July 2005. Lisbon, Portugal. p. 104.

Kull, Olevi, Mand, Pille, Hallik, Lea, Beier, Claus, Emmett, Bridget, Kovács-Láng, Edit, Penuelas, Josep, Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giuseppe, and Tietema Albert. 2006. Reflection of experimental drought and warming at European shrublands. Poster Abstracts of EPRECOT Workshop, 22-25 May, Helsingor, Denmark, p. 29.

Mols (VULCAN)

Peñuelas, J. and Filella, I. 2001. Phenology: responses to a warming world. Science 294:793-795.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J. and Emmett, B.A. 2002. Developmental instability and gas exchange responses of a heathland shrub to experimental drought and warming. International Journal of Plant Science. 163:959–967.

Beier, C., Emmett, B., Gundersen, P., Tietema, A., Penuelas, J., Estiarte, M., Gordon, C., Gorissen, A., Llorens, L., Roda, F. and Williams, D. 2004. Novel approaches to study climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the field - drought and passive night time warming. Ecosystems 7:583-597.

Peñuelas, J., Gordon, C., Llorens, L., Nielsen, T., Tietema, A., Beier, C., Bruna, P., Emmett, B.A., Estiarte, M. and Gorissen, A. 2004. Non-intrusive field experiments show different plant responses to warming and drought among sites, seasons and species in a north-south European gradient. Ecosystems 7:598-612.

Gorissen, A., Tietema, A., Joosten, N.N., Estiarte, M., Peñuelas, J., Sowerby, A., Emmett, B.A. and Beier, C. 2004. Climate change affects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems 7:650-661.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., Estiarte, M. and Tietema, A. 2004. Effects of an experimental increase of temperature and drought on the photosynthetic performance of two Ericaceous shrub species along a north-south European gradient. Ecosystems 7:613-624.

Wessel, W.W., Tietema, A., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., Peñuelas, J. and Riis-Nielsen, T. 2004. A qualitative ecosystem assessment for different shrublands in western Europe under impact of climate change using the results of the CLIMOOR research project. Ecosystems 7:662-671.

Schmidt, I.K., Tietema, A., Williams, D., Gundersen, P., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A. and Estiarte, M. 2004. Soil solution chemistry and element fluxes in three European heathlands and their responses to warming and drought. Ecosystems 7:638-649.

Emmett, B.A., Beier, C., Estiarte, M., Tietema, A., Kristensen, H.L., Williams, D., Peñuelas, J., Schmidt, I.K. and Sowerby, A. 2004. The response of soil processes to climate change: results from manipulation studies across an environmental gradient. Ecosystems 7:625-637.

Jensen, K., Beier, C., Michelsen, A. and Emmett, B.A. 2003. Effects of experimental drought on microbial processes in two temperate heathlands at contrasting water conditions. Applications in Soil Ecology. 24: 165-176.

Beier, C. 2004. Interactions of elevated CO² and temperature on terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning – the role of whole-ecosystem manipulation experiments. New Phytologist 162:243-245.

Beier, C., Schmidt, I.K. and Kristensen, H. L. 2004. Effects of climate and ecosystem disturbances on biogeochemical cycling in a semi-natural terrestrial ecosystem. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 4:191-206.

Porto Conte Capo Caccia (VULCAN)

de Dato, G., Pellizzaro, G., Cesaraccio, C., Sirca, C., De Angelis, P., Duce, P., Spano, D., and Scarascia G. 2006. Effects of warmer and drier climate conditions in plant composition and biomass production in a Mediterranean shrubland community. Forest Ecology 3(4): 511-526. [online] URL: http://www.sisef.it/

Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory

Cross, M. and Harte, J. 2007. Compensatory responses to loss of warming-sensitive plant species. Ecology (in press).

de Valpine, P. and Harte, J. 2001. Effects of warming on a montane meadow ecosystem: how species responses comprise the ecosystem response. Ecology 82(3): 637-648.

Dunne, J., Harte, J., and Taylor, K. 2002. Response of subalpine meadow plant reproductive phenology to manipulated climate change and natural climate variability. Ecological Monographs 73(1):69-86.

Dunne, J., Saleska, S., Fischer, M., and Harte, J. 2004. Integrating experimental and gradient methods in ecological climate change research. Ecology 85(4):904-916.

Harte, J. 1998. Ecological feedbacks to global warming: extending results from plot to landscape scale. In: Elements of Change: Proceedings of the 1997 Aspen Global Change Institute Workshop on Scaling from Site-Specific Observations to Global Model Grids. ISSN: 1083-9089, AGCI, Aspen, CO.

Harte, J. 2001. Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: response from Harte. BioScience 51(5):332-333.

Harte, J. 2002. Climate-ecosystem interactions in montane meadows. IGBP Global Change Newsletter 51:5-8.

Harte, J., Rawa, A., and Price, V. 1996. Effects of manipulated soil microclimate on mesofaunal biomass and diversity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28(3):313-322.

Harte, J., Saleska, S., and Shih, T. 2006. Shifts in plant dominance control short and long term carbon cycle responses to widespread drought. Environmental Research Letters. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/014001 2006.

Harte, J. and Shaw R. 1995. Shifting dominance within a montane vegetation community: results of a climate-warming experiment. Science 267:876-880.

Harte, J., Torn, M., Chang F.-R., Feifarek, B., Kinzig, A., Shaw, R., and Shen, K. 1995. Global warming and soil microclimate: results from a meadow-warming experiment. Ecological Applications 5:132-150.

Lambrecht, S., Loik, M., Inouye, D., and Harte, J. 2007. Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species. New Phytologist (in press).

Loik, M. and Harte, J. 1996. High temperature tolerance for Artemisia tridentata and Potentilla gracilis under a climate change manipulation. Oecologia 108:224-231.

Loik, M. and Harte, J. 1997. Changes in water relations for leaves exposed to a climate-warming manipulation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Environmental and Experimental Botany 37:115-123.

Loik, M., Redar, S., and Harte, J. 2000. Photosynthetic responses to a climate-warming manipulation for contrasting meadow species in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Functional Ecology 14:166-175.

Loik, M., Still, C., Huxman, T., and Harte, J. 2004. In Situ photosynthetic freezing tolerance for plants exposed to a global warming manipulation in the rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. New Phytologist 162:331-341.

Perfors, T., Harte, J., and Alter, S. 2001. Enhanced carbon sequestration by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in response to manipulated climate change. Global Change Biology (submitted).

Perfors, T., Harte, J., and Alter, S. 2003. Enhanced growth of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in response to manipulated ecosystem warming. Global Change Biology 9: 736-742.

Roy, B., Gusewell, S., and Harte, J. 2004. Response of plant pathogens and herbivores to a warming experiment. Ecology 85(9): 2570-2581.

Saavedra, F., Inouye, D., Price M., and Harte, J. 2003. Changes in flowering and abundance of Delphinium nuttalianum (Ranunculaceae) in response to a subalpine climate warming experiment. Global Change Biology 9:885-894.

Saleska, S., Harte, J., and Torn, M. 1999. The effect of experimental ecosystem warming on new CO₂ fluxes in a montane meadow: measurement methods and initial results. Global Change Biology 5:125-141.

Saleska, S. Shaw, M., Fischer, M., Dunne, J., Holman, M., Still, C., and Harte, J. 2001. Plant community composition mediates both large transient decline and predicted long-term recovery of soil carbon under climate warming. Global Biogeochemical Cycles (in review).

Saleska, S., Shaw, M. Fischer, M., Dunne, J., Shaw, M. Holman, M., Still, C., and Harte, J. 2002. Carbon-cycle feedbacks to climate change in montane meadows: results from a warming experiment and a natural climate gradient. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16(4):1055; doi:10.1029/2001GB001573.

Shaver, G., Canadell, J., Chapin, F., Gurevitch, J. Harte, J., Henry, G., Ineson, P., Jonasson, S. Melillo, J., Pitelka, L., and Rustad, L. 2000. Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: a conceptual framework for analysis. BioScience 50(10): 871-882.

Shaw, M. and Harte, J. 2001a. Nitrogen cycling in a subalpine ecotone exposed to simulated climate change: differential responses of two soil microclimates. Global Change Biology 7:193-210.

Shaw, M., and Harte, J. 2001b. Control of litter decomposition under simulated climate change in a subalpine meadow: the role of plant species and microclimate. Ecological Applications 11(4):1206-1223.

Shaw, M., Loik, M. and Harte, J. 2000. Gas exchange and water relations of two Rocky Mountain shrub species exposed to a climate change manipulation. Plant Ecology 146:197-206.

Shen, K. and Harte, J. 2000. Methods for Ecosystem Climate Manipulations. In: Sala, O. and Mooney, H. (eds.) Methods for Ecosystem Research.

Torn, M. and Harte, J. 1995. Methane consumption by montane soils: responses to soil drying and implications for feedbacks with climate change. Biogeochemistry 32:53-67.

Torn, M. and Harte, J. 2006. Missing feedbacks, asymmetric uncertainties, and the underestimation of future warming. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L10703, doi:10.1029/2005GL025540.

Precipitation Experiment Publications by Site

Clocaenog (VULCAN)

Coulissenhieb

Callesen, I., Borken, W., Kalbitz, K., and Matzner, E. 2007. Long-term development of nitrogen fluxes in a coniferous ecosystem: Does soil freezing trigger nitrate leaching? Journal of Plant Nutrition Soil Science. 170:189-196

Hentschel, K., Borken, W., and Matzner, E. 2007. Leaching losses of inorganic N and DOC following repeated drying and wetting of a spruce forest soil. Plant and Soil (submitted).

Hentschel, K., Borken, W., and Matzner, E. 2007. Leaching losses of nitrogen and dissolved organic matter following repeated frost/thaw events in a forest soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition Soil Science (submitted).

Matzner, E. (ed.). 2004. Biogeochemistry of forested catchments in a changing environment: A German case study. Ecological Studies 172:1-503

Garraf (VULCAN)

Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., and Estiarte, M. 2006. Warming and drought alter soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability in a Mediterranean shrubland. Plant and Soil. 289:227–238.

Riera, P., Peñuelas, J., Farreras, V. and Estiarte, M. 2007. Valuation of climate change effects on Mediterranean shrublands. Ecological Applications. 17: 91-100.

Lloret, F., Peñuelas, J., and Estiarte, M. 2005. Effects of vegetation canopy and climate on seedling establishment in Mediterranean shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 67-76.

Schmidt, I.K., Tietema, A., Williams, D., Gundersen, P., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., and Estiarte, M. 2004.

Soil solution chemistry and element fluxes in three European heathlands and their responses to warming and drought. Ecosystems 7: 638-649.

Hubbard Brook

Campbell, J.L., Mitchell, M.J., Groffman, P.M., and Christenson, L.M. 2005. Winter in northeastern North America: an often overlooked but critical period for ecological processes. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 3:314-322.

Cleavitt, N.L., Fahey, T.J., Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Henry, K.S., Fashu-Kanu, S., and Driscoll, C.T. Winter injury by soil freezing to fine roots of mature trees in a northern hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research (in press).

Fitzhugh, R.D., Driscoll, C.T., Groffman, P.M., Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J., and Hardy, J.P. 2001. Effects of soil freezing disturbance on soil solution nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon chemistry in a northern hardwood ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 56:215-238.

Fitzhugh, R.D., Driscoll, C.T., Groffman, P.M., Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J., and Hardy, J.P. 2003. Soil freezing and the acid-base chemistry of soil solutions in a northern hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67:1897-1908.

Fitzhugh, R.D., Likens, G.E., Driscoll, C.T., Groffman, P.M., Fahey, T.J., Hardy, J.P., and Mitchell, M.J. 2003. Role of soil freezing events in interannual patterns of stream chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Environmental Science & Technology 37:1575-1580.

Groffman, P.M., Driscoll, C.T., Fahey, T.J., Hardy, J.P., Fitzhugh, R.D., and Tierney, G.L. 2001. Colder soils in a warmer world: a snow manipulation study in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 56:135-150.

Groffman, P.M., Driscoll, C.T., Fahey, T.J., Hardy, J.P., Fitzhugh, R.D., and Tierney, G.L. 2001. Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry 56:191-213.

Groffman, P.M., Driscoll, C.T., Likens, G.E., Fahey, T.J., Holmes, R.T., Eagar, C., and Aber, J.D. 2004. Nor gloom of night: a new conceptual model for the Hubbard Brook ecosystem study. BioScience 54:139-148.

Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Drisoll, C.T., and Fahey, T.J. Snow depth, soil freezing and trace gas fluxes in a northern hardwood forest. Submitted to Global Change Biology.

Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Drisoll, C.T., and Fahey, T.J. 2006. Snow depth, soil freezing and trace gas fluxes in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology 12:1748-1760.

Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Nolan, S., Driscoll, C.T., and Fahey, T.J. 1999. Snow depth, soil frost and nutrient loss in a northern hardwood forest. Hydrological Processes 13:2275-2286.

Judd, K.E., Likens, G.E., and Groffman, P.M. High nitrate retention during winter in soils of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Ecosystems (in press).

Hardy, J.P., Jordan, R., Groffman, P., Nolan, S., Driscoll, C., and Fahey, T. 1999. Snow depth and soil frost modeling in a northern hardwood forest. In: Proceedings, 55th Eastern Snow Conference, Fredericton, New Brunswick. p. 211-214.

Hardy, J.P., Groffman, P.M., Fitzhugh, R.D., Henry, K.S., Welman, T.A., Demers, J.D., Fahey, T.J., Driscoll, C.T., Tierney, G.L., and Nolan, S. 2001. Snow depth, soil frost and water dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry 56:151-174.

Nielsen, C.B., Groffman, P.M., Hamburg, S.P., Driscoll, C.T., Fahey, T.J., and Hardy, J.P. 2001. Freezing effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils from a northern hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65:1723-1730.

Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J., Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Fitzhugh, R.D., and Driscoll, C.T. 2001. Soil freezing alters fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry 56:175-190.

Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J., Groffman, P.M., Hardy, J.P., Fitzhugh, R.D., Driscoll, C.T., and Yavitt, J.B. 2003. Environmental control of fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biology 9:670-679.

Kiskunsag (VULCAN)

Abstracts

Mols (VULCAN)

Peñuelas, J. and Filella, I. 2001. Phenology: responses to a warming world. Science 294:793-795.

Beier, C. 2004. Interactions of elevated CO² and temperature on terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning – the role of whole-ecosystem manipulation experiments. New Phytologist 162:243-245.

Porto Conte Capo Caccia (VULCAN)

Warming and Precipitation Experiment Publications by Site

Canyonlands

Darby, B.J., Housman, D.C., Zaki, A.M., Shamout, Y., Adl, S.M., Belnap, J., and Neher, D.A. 2006. Effects of altered temperature and precipitation on desert protozoa associated with biological soil crusts. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53:507-514.

Darby, B.J., Neher, D.A., and Belnap, J. 2007. Soil nematodes are successionally more mature beneath well developed than immature biological soil crusts. Applied Soil Ecology 35:203-212.

Horner-Devine, C., Silver, J.M., Leibold, M.A., Bohannan, B., Colwell, R.K., Fuhrman, J.A., Green, J.L., Kuske, C.R., Hughes-Martiny, J.B., Ovreas, L., Reysenbach, A-L., Smith, V., and Muyzer, G. A comparison of taxon co-occurrence patterns for macro and microorganisms. Ecology (accepted w/ revision).

Housman, D., Belnap, J., Darby, B., Kuske, C., Neher, D., Sanford, B., and Yeager, C. Structure and function of soil faunal and bacterial communities around a grass and shrub as influenced by biological soil crusts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry (in press).

Hughes-Martiny, J.B., Bohannan, B.J., Brown, J.H., Colwell, R.K., Fuhrman, J.A., Green, J.L., Horner-Devine, M.C., Kane, M., Krummins, J.A., Kuske, C.R., Morin, P.J., Naeem, S., Ovreas, L., Reysenbach, A.L., Smith, V.H., and Staley, J.T. 2006. Microbial biogeography: putting microbes on the map. Nature Reviews Microbiology 4:102-112.

Yeager, C.M., Kornosky, J.L., Morgan, R.E., Garcia-Pichel, F., Housman, D.C., Belnap, J., and Kuske, C.R. 2007. Three distinct clades of cultured heterocystous cyanobacteria comprise the dominant N2-fixing members of biological soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology (in press).

Prades

Asensio D, Peñuelas J, Llusià J, Ogaya R, Filella I. 2007a. Interannual and interseasonal soil CO₂ efflux and VOC exchange rates in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest in response to experimental drought. Soil Biology and Biochemistry (in press).

Asensoi, D., Penuelas, J., Ogaya, R., and Llusia, J. 2007b. Seasonal soil and leaf CO₂ exchanges rates in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest and their responses to drought conditions. Atmospheric Environment 41:2447-2455.

Asensoi, D., Penuelas J., Ogaya R., and Llusia, J. 2007c. Seasonal soil VOC exchange rates in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest and their responses to drought conditions. Atmospheric Environment 41:2456-2466.

Beier, C. 2004. Interactions of elevated CO₂ and temperature on terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning – the role of whole-ecosystem manipulation experiments. New Phytologist 162:243-245.

Beier, C., Schmidt, I.K., and Kristensen, H. L. 2004. Effects of climate and ecosystem disturbances on biogeochemical cycling in a semi-natural terrestrial ecosystem. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 4:191-206.

Jensen, K., Beier, C., Michelsen, A., and Emmett, B.A. 2003. Effects of experimental drought on microbial processes in two temperate heathlands at contrasting water conditions. Applied Soil Ecology 24:165-176.

Llorens, L., Peñuelas, J., Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., Estiarte, M., and Tietema, A. 2004. Effects of an experimental increase of temperature and drought on the photosynthetic performance of two Ericaceous shrub species along a north-south European gradient. Ecosystems 7:613-624.

Lloret, F., Penuelas, J., and Ogaya, R. 2004. Establishment of co-existing Mediterranean tree species under a varying soil moisture regime. Journal of Vegetation Science 15:237-244.

Martinez-Vilalta, J., Mangiron, M., Ogaya, R., Sauret, M., Serrano, L., and Penuelas, J. 2003. Sap flow of three co-occurring Mediterranean woody species under varying atmospheric and soil water conditions. Tree Physiology 23(11):747-58.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2003a. Comparative field study of Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia: photosynthetic response to experimental drought conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50:137-148.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2003b. Comparative seasonal gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of two dominant woody species in a Holm oak forest. Flora 198:132-141.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2004. Phenological patterns of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo growing under a field experimental drought. Écoscience 11(3):263-270.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2005. Decreased mushroom production in a Holm oak forest in response to an experimental drought. Forestry 78(3):279-283.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2006. Contrasting foliar responses to drought in Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia. Biologia Plantarum 50(3):373-382.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas J. 2007. Leaf mass per area ratio in Quercus ilex leaves under a wide range of climatic conditions. The importance of low temperatures. Acta Oecologica 31:168-173.

Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J. 2007. Tree growth, mortality, and above-ground biomass accumulation in a Holm oak forest under a five-year experimental field drought. Plant Ecology 189:291-299.

Ogaya R, Peñuelas J. 2007. Seasonal ultrasonic acoustic emissions of Quercus ilex L. trees in a Mediterranean forest. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum (in press).

Ogaya R, Peñuelas J. 2007. Species-specific drought effects on flower and fruit production in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest. Forestry (in press).

Ogaya, R., Penuelas, J., Martinez-Vilalta, J., and Mangiron, M. 2003. Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a Holm oak forest of NE Spain. Forest Ecology and Management 180:175-184.

Peñuelas J, Filella I, Zhang X, Llorens L, Ogaya R, Lloret F, Comas P, Estiarte M, Terradas J. 2004. Complex spatiotemporal phenological shifts as a response to rainfall changes. New Phytologist 161:837-846.

Sardans, J. and Penuelas J. 2004. Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Plant and Soil 267:367-377.

Sardans, J. and Penuelas, J. 2005. Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L. forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37:455-461.

Sardans, J. and Penuelas, J. 2007. Drought changes phosphorus and potassium accumulation patterns in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Functional Ecology 21: 191-201.

Serrano, L., Penuelas, J., Ogaya, R., and Save R. 2005. Tissue-water relations of two co-occurring evergreen Mediterranean species in response to seasonal and experimental drought conditions. Journal of Plant Research 118(4):263-269.

Serrano, L. and Penuelas, J. 2005a. Assessing forest structure and function from spectral transmittance measurements: a case study in a Mediterranean Holm oak forest. Tree Physiology 25:67-74.

Serrano, L. and Penuelas, J. 2005b. Contribution of physiological and morphological adjustments to drought resistance in two Mediterranean tree species. Biologia Plantarum 49:551-559.