Dr. Marshall D. Sundberg, Emporia State University

Qualitative assessment techniques are often under-utilized by math and science teachers because they are perceived as "softer" than quantitative instruments. Because the data generated is subjective, it is not amenable to statistical testing and is thus considered to be less reliable and less meaningful. In fact, qualitative assessment can provide a much richer understanding of the learning that actually occurs in the classroom. A combination of the "broad brushstrokes," provided by quantitative instruments, and the "finer detailing" provided by qualitative tools allows the instructor to more critically evaluate the efficacy of instruction and focus more sharply on areas of difficulty. Examples will be provided of how interviews, journal writing, minute papers, and concept mapping can effectively be combined with content pre/post-tests to improve student understanding of difficult and frequently misunderstood concepts involving cell biology, plants, and evolution. Some advantages and disadvantages of each instrument will also be discussed.