BBWM-Related Publications 

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Peer Reviewed Publications

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Aber, J. D., C. L. Goodale, S. V. Ollinger, M. L. Smith, A. H. Magill, M.E. Martin and J. L. Stoddard. 2003. Is nitrogen altering the nitrogen status of northeastern forests. BioScience 53:375-390.
  Aber, J. D., W. H. McDowell, K. J. Nadelhoffer, A. Magill, G. Berntson, M. Kamakea, S. G. McNulty, W. Currie, L. Rustad and I. Fernandez. 1998. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: hypotheses revisited. BioScience 48:921-934.
  Aber, J. D., K. J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler and J. M. Melillo. 1989. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems - hypotheses and implications. BioScience 39:378-386.
  Asolekar, S. R., R. L. Valentine and J. L. Schnoor. 1991. Kinetics of Chemical Weathering in B Horizon Spodosol Fraction. Water Resour. Res. 27:527-532.
  Banaitis, M. R., H. Waldrip-Dail, M. S. Diel, B. C. Holmes, J. F. Hunt, R. P. Lynch and T. Ohno. 2006. Investigating sorption-driven dissolved organic matter fractionation by multtidimentional fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC. J Colloid Interface Sci. 304:271-276.
  Bank, M. S., C. S. Loftin and R. E. Jung. 2005. Mercury bioaccumulation in Northern Two-lined salamanders from streams in the northeastern United States. Ecotoxicology. 14:181-191.
  Bethers, S., M. E. Day, G. B. Wiersma, I. J. Fernandez and J. A. Elvir. 2009. Effects of chronologically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth, and physiology. For. Ecol. Manage. 258:895-502.
  Campbell, J., J. W. Hornbeck, M. J. Mitchell, M. B. Adams, M. S. Castro, C. T. Driscoll, J. S. Kahl, J. N. Kochenderfer, G. E. Likens, J. A. Lynch, P. S. Murdoch, S. J. Nelson and J. B. Shanley. 2004. Input-output budgets for inorganic nitrogen for 24 watersheds in the northeastern United States: A review.  Water Air Soil Pollut. 151:373-396.
  Chadwick, M. A. and A. D. Huryn. 2007. Role of habitat in determining macroinvertebrate production in an intermittent-stream system. Freshwater Biology. 52:240-251.
  Chadwick, M. A. and A. D. Huryn. 2005. Effects of atmospheric N deposition on coarse organic matter in a headwater stream. Hydrobiologia. 532:167-179.
  Chadwick, M. A. and A. D. Huryn. 2005. Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50:228-236.
  Chadwick, M. A. and A. D. Huryn. 2003. Effect of a whole-catchment N addition on stream detritus processing. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 22:194-206.
  Chen, H. and R. Beschta. 1999. Dynamic hydrologic simulation of the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:53-96.
  Christ, M. J., M. B. David, P. J. McHale, J. W. McLaughlin, M. J. Mitchell, L. E. Rustad and I. J. Fernandez. 1997. Microclimatic control of microbial C, N, and P pools in Spodosol Oa-horizons. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1914-1921.
  Church, M. R. 1999.  The Bear Brook Watershed manipulation project: watershed science in a policy perspective. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:1-5.
  Colman, B. P., N. Fierer and J. P. Schimel. 2007. Abiotic nitrate incorporation in soil: is it real? Biogeochemistry 84:161-169.
  Comfort, S.D., R.P. Dick and J. Baham. 1991. Air drying and pretreatment effects on soil sulfate sorption. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:968-973.
  Cosby, B. J., S. A. Norton and J. S. Kahl. 1996. Using a paired-catchment manipulation experiment to evaluate a catchment-scale biogeochemical model. Sci. Total Environ. 183:49-66.
  Dahlgren, R. A., C. T. Driscoll and D. C. McAvoy. 1989. Aluminum precipitation and dissolution rates in Spodosol Bs horizons in the northeastern USA. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1045-1052.
  Dahlgren, R.A., D.C. McAvoy and C.T. Driscoll. 1990. Acidification and recovery of spodosol Bs horizon from acidic deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24:531-537. 
  Dai, K. H., M. B. David, G. F. Vance, J. McLaughlin and I. J. Fernandez. 1996. Acidity characteristics of soluable organic substances in a spruce-fir forest floor. Soil Sci. 161:694-704.
  David, M. B., W. J. Fasth and G. F. Vance. 1991. Forest soil response to acid and salt additions of sulfate: I. Sulfur constituents and net retention. Soil Sci. 151:136-145.
  David, M. B., R. D. Fuller, I. J. Fernandez, M. J. Mitchell, L. E. Rustad, G. F. Vance, A. C. Stam and S. C. Nodvin. 1990. Spodosol variability and assessment of response to acidic deposition. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:541-548.
  David, M. B. and G. B. Lawrence. 1996. Soil and soil solution chemistry under red spruce stands across the northeastern United States. Soil Sci.. 161:314-328.
  David, M. B., M. J. Mitchell, D. Aldcorn and R. B. Harrison. 1989. Analysis of sulfur in soil, plant, and sediment materials: use of freeze-drying and an automated analyzer. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21:119-123.
  David, M. B. and G. F. Vance. 1989. Generation of soil solution acid neutralizing capacity by addition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23:1021-1024.
  David, M. B. and G. F. Vance. 1991. Chemical character and origin of organic acids in streams and seepage lakes of central Maine. Biogeochemistry 12:17-41.
  David, M. B., G. F. Vance and W. J. Fasth. 1991. Forest soil response to acid and salt additions of sulfate: II. aluminum and base cations. Soil Sci. 151:208-219.
  David, M. B., G. F. Vance and J. M. Rissing. 1989. Organic carbon fractions in extracts O and B horizon solutions from a New England spodosol: effects of acid treatment. J. Environ. Qual. 18:212-217.
  David, M. B., G. F. Vance and J. S. Kahl. 1992. Chemistry of dissolved organic carbon and organic acids in two streams draining forested watersheds. Water Resour. Res. 28:389-396.
  David, M. B., G. F. Vance and J. S. Kahl. 1999. Chemistry of dissolved organic carbon at Bear Brook watershed, Maine: Stream water response to (NH4)2SO4 additions. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:149-163.
  David, M. B., G. F. Vance and J. M. Rissing. 1989. Organic carbon fractions in extracts O and B horizon solutions from a New England spodosol: effects of acid treatment. J. Environ. Qual. 18:212-217.
  Delaney, M.T., I.J. Fernandez, J.A. Simmons, and R.D. Briggs. 1996. Red maple and white pine litter quality and changes with decomposition. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Tech. Bull. No. 162. Orono, Maine. 24 pp.
  Dhamala, B. R. and M. J. Mitchell. 1995. Sulfur speciation, vertical distribution, and seasonal variation in a northern hardwood forest soil / USA. Can. J. For. Res. 25:234-243.
  Dhamala, B. R., M. J. Mitchell and A. C. Stam. 1990. Sulfur dynamics in mineral horizons of two northern hardwood soils: a column study with 35S. Biogeochemistry 10:143-160. 
  Downs, M., R. Michener, B. Fry and K. Nadelhoffer. 1999. Routine measurements of dissolved inorganic 15N in precipitation and streamwater. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:211-220.
  Downs, M. R., K. J. Nadelhoffer, J. M. Melillo and J. D. Aber. 1996. Immobilization of a 15N labelled nitrate addition by decomposing forest litter. Oecologia 105:141-150.
  Downs, M. R., K. J. Nadelhoffer, J. M. Melillo and J. D. Aber. 1993. Foliar and fine root nitrate reductase activity in seedlings of four forest tree species in relation to nitrogen availability. Trees: Structure and function 7:233-236.
  Eckhoff, J. D. and G. B. Wiersma. 2002. Baseline data for long-term forest vegetation monitoring at Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 180. University of Maine, Orono. Maine. 235pp.
  Elvir, J. A., L. Rustad, G. B. Wiersma, I. Fernandez, A. S. White and G. J. White. 2005. Eleven-year response of foliar chemistry to chronic nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Can. J. For. Res. 35:1402-1410.
  Elvir, J. A., G. B. Wiersma, M. E. Day, M. S. Greenwood and I. J. Fernandez. 2006. Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiological processes of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. For. Ecol. Manag. 221:207-214.
  Elvir, J. A., G. B. Wiersma, A. White, and I. Fernandez. 2003. Effects of chronic ammonium sulfate treatment on basal area increment in red spruce and sugar maple at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 862-869.
  Erickson, Heather E. and D. Coffey. 1991. The Watershed Manipulation Project: case study of an interlaboratory comparison program. Acc. Chem. Res. 1:195-206.
  Evans, C. D., C. L. Goodale, S. J. M. Caporn, N. B. Dise, B. A. Emmett, I. J. Fernandez, C. D. Field, S. E. G. Findlay, G. M. Lovett, H. Meesenburg, F. Moldan and L. J. Sheppard. 2008. Does elevated nitrogen deposition or ecosystem recovery from acidification drive increased dissolved organic carbon loss from upland soil? A review of evidence from field nitrogen addition experiments. Biogeochemistry 91:13-35.
  Evans, J., I. Fernandez, L. Rustad, and S. Norton. 2001. Methods for evaluating carbon fractions in forest soils: A review. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 178. University of Maine, Orono. Maine. 56pp.
  Fasth, W. J., M. B. David and G. F. Vance. 1991. Sulfate retention and cation leaching of forest soils in response to acid additions. Can. J. For. Res. 21:32-41.
  Fernandez, I. J. 2008. Carbon and nutrients in Maine forest soils. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No.200, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 24 pp.
  Fernandez, I. J. 1987. Vertical trends in the chemistry of forest soil microcosms following experimental acidification. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 126, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 20 pp.
  Fernandez, I. J., J. E. Karem, S. A. Norton, L. E. Rustad. 2007. Temperature, soil moisture, and streamflow at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 196, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 26 pp.
  Fernandez, I. J. and P. A. Kosian. 1986. Chemical response of soil leachate to alternative approaches to experimental acidification. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 17:953-973.
  Fernandez, I. J. and L. E. Rustad. 1990. Soil response to S and N treatments in a northern New England low elevation coniferous forest. Water Air Soil Pollut. 52:23-39.
  Fernandez, I. J., L. E. Rustad, M. B. David, K. J. Nadelhoffer and M. J.,Mitchell. 1999. Mineral soil and solution responses to experimental N and S enrichment at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:165-185.
  Fernandez, I. J., L. E. Rustad, S. A. Norton, J. S. Kahl and B. J. Cosby. 2003. Experimental acidification causes soil base-cation depletion at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:1909-1919.
  Fernandez, I.J., J.A. Simmons and R.D. Briggs. 2000. Indices of forest floor nitrogen status along a regional climate gradient in Maine, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 134:177-187.
  Fernandez, I. J., Y. Son, C. R. Kraske, L. E. Rustad and M. B. David. 1993. Soil CO2 characteristics under different forest types and after harvest. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:1115-1121.
  Hinds, J. W., P. L. Hinds, L. G. Biazrov and J. D. Eckhoff. 1998. First United States record of the lichen Parmelia Fertilis. Northeastern Naturalist 5:21-23.
  Hornberger, G. M.,  K. J. Beven and P. F. Germann 1990. Inferences about solute transport in macroporous forest soils from time series models. Geoderma 46:249-262.
  Hornberger, G. M., P. F. Germann and K. J. Beven. 1991. Throughflow and solute transport on an isolated soil block in a forested catchment near Orono, Maine. Jour. Hydrol. 124:81-99.
  Hunt, H., J. S. Kahl, J. Rubin and D. Mageean. 2007. Assessing the science-based information needs of stakeholders: A case study on acid rain research and policy. Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education 136:68-79.
  Hunt, J. F., T. Ohno and I. J. Fernandez. 2008. Influence of foliar phosphorus and nitrogen contents on chemical properties of water extractable organic matter derived from fresh and decomposed sugar maple leaves. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:1931-1939.
  Jefts, S., I. J. Fernandez, L. E. Rustad, and D. B. Dail. 2004. Comparing methods for assessing forest soil net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 35:2875-2890.
  Jefts, S., I. J. Fernandez, L. E. Rustad, and D. B. Dail. 2004. Decadal responses in soil N dynamics at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. For. Ecol. and Manage. 189:189-205.
  Kahl, J. S., S. A. Norton, I. J. Fernandez, K. J. Nadelhoffer, C. T. Driscoll and J. D. Aber. 1993. Experimental inducement of nitrogen saturation at the watershed scale. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23:565-568.
  Kahl, J., S. A. Norton, I. J. Fernandez, L. Rustad and M. Handley. 1999. Nitrogen and sulfur input-output budgets in the experimental and reference watersheds, Bear Brook watershed in Maine (BBWM). Environ. Monit. Assess.55:113-131.
  Kahl, J. S., S. A. Norton, T. A. Haines, E. A. Rochette, R. H. Heath and S. C. Nodvin. 1992. Mechanisms of episodic acidification in low-order streams in Maine, USA. Environ. Pollut. 78:37-44. 
  Kahl, J.S., J. L. Stoddard, R. Haeuber, S. G. Paulson, R. Birnbaum, F. A. Deviney, J. R. Webb, D.R. Dewalle, W. Sharpe, C. T. Driscoll, A. T. Herlihy, J. H. Kellogg, P. S. Murdoch, K. Roy, K. E. Webster and N. S. Urquhart. 2004. Have U.S. surface waters responded to the 1990 clean air act ammendments. Environ.Sci. Technol. 38:484-489.
  Kortelainen, P., M. B. David, T. Roila and I. Makinen. 1992. Acid-base characteristics of organic carbon in the HUMEX Lake Skjervatjern. Environ. Int. 18:621-629.
  Lawrence, G.B., 2002.  Persistent episodic acidification of streams linked to acid rain effects on soil.  Atmos. Environ. 36:1589-1598.
  Lawrence, G. B., M. B. David, S. W. Bailey and W. C. Shortle. 1997. Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States. Biogeochemistry. 38:19-39.
  Lawrence, G. B., M. B. David and W. C. Shortle. 1995. A new mechanism for calcium loss in forest-floor soils. Nature. 378:162-165.
  Magill, A. H., M. R. Downs, K. J. Nadelhoffer, R. A. Hallet and J. D. Aber. 1996. Forest ecosystem response to four years of chronic nitrate and sulfate additions at Bear Brook Watershed, Maine,USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 84:29-37.
  McAvoy, D. C., R. C. Santore, J. D. Shosa and C. T. Driscoll. 1992 A comparason between pyrocatechol violet and 8-hydroxyquinoline procedures for the measurment of monomeric aluminum fractions. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 56:449-455
  Minocha, R., W. C. Shortle, G. B. Lawrence, M. B. David and S. C. Minocha. 1997. Relationship among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States. Plant Soil. 191:109-122. 
  Mitchell, M.J., M.B. David, I.J. Fernandez, R.D. Fuller, K. Nadelhoffer, L.E. Rustad and A.C. Adams. 1994. Mineral soil response to three years of experimental acidification. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:556-563.
  Mitchell, M. J., C. T. Driscoll, P. Murdoch, G. E. Likens, J. S. Kahl and L. Pardo. 1996. Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:2609-2612.
  Nadelhoffer, K. J., M. Downs, B. Fry, A. D. Aber, A. H. Magill and J. M. Melillo. 1995. The fate of 15N-labelled nitrate additions to a northern hardwood forest in eastern Maine, USA. Oecologia 103:292-301.
  Nadelhoffer, K., M. Downs, B. Fry, A. Magill and J. Aber. 1999. Controls of N retention and exports in a forested watershed. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:187-210.
  Norton, S. A., B. J. Cosby, I. J. Fernandez, J. S. Kahl and M.R. Church. 2001. Long-term and seasonal variations in CO2: linkages to catchment alkalinity generation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5:83-91.
  Norton, S., I. Fernandez, A. Amirbahman, K. Coolidge and T. Navratil. 2006. Aluminum, phosphorus, and oligotrophy - assembling the pieces of the puzzle. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 29:1877-1886.
  Norton, S. A., I. J. Fernandez, J. S. Kahl and R. L. Reinhardt. 2004. Acidification trends and the evolution of neutralization mechanisms through time at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus 4:289-310.
  Norton, S.A., M.J. Handley, J.S. Kahl and N.E. Peters. 1996. Re-evaluation of colorimetric Cl data from natural waters with high DOC. Water Air Soil Pollut. 91:283-298.
  Norton, S. A., J. S. Kahl, D. F. Brakke, G. F. Brewer, T. A. Haines and S. C. Nodvin. 1988. Regional patterns and local variability of dry and occult deposition strongly influence SO4 concentrations in Maine lakes. Sci. Tot. Environ. 72:183-196.
  Norton, S, J. Kahl and I. Fernandez. 1999. Altered soil-soil water interactions inferred from stream water
chemistry at an artificially acidified watershed at Bear Brook watershed, Maine USA. Environ. Monit.
Assess. 55:97-111.
  Norton, S; J. Kahl, I. Fernandez, T. Haines, L. Rustad, S. Nodvin, J. Scofield, T. Strickland, H. Erickson, P. Wigington, and J. Lee Jr. 1999. The Bear Brook watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:7-51.
  Norton, S. A., J. S. Kahl, I. J. Fernandez, L. E. Rustad, J. P. Scofield and T. A. Haines. 1994. Response of the West Bear Watershed, Maine USA to the addition of (NH4)2SO4 - Three Year Results. For. Ecol. Manage. 68:61-73.
  Norton, S.A., R.F. Wright, J.S. Kahl and J.P. Scofield. 1992. The MAGIC simulation of surface water
acidification at, and first year results from, the Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation Project, Maine,
USA. Environ. Pollut. 77:279-286.
  Ohno, T., A. Amirbahmin and R. Bro. 2008. Parallel factor analysis of excitation-emission matrix fluorescencespectra of water soluble soil organic matter as basis for the determination of conditional metal binding parameters. Environ.Sci. Technol. 42:186-192.
  Ohno, T., I. J. Fernandez, S. Hiradate and J. F. Sherman. 2007. Effects of soil acidification and forest type on water soluble soil organic matter properties. Geoderma 140:176-187.
  Pardo, L. H., S. G. McNulty, J. L. Bogs and S. Duke. 2007. Regional Patterns in foliar 15 N across a gradient of nitrogen deposition in the northeastern US. Environ. Pollut. 149:293-302
  Pardo, L.H., P. H. Templer, C.L. Goodale, S. Duke, P.M. Groffman, M. B. Adams, P. Boeckx, J. Boggs, J. Campbell, B. Colman, J. Compton, B. Emmet, P. Gunderson, J. Kjonaas, G. Lovett, M. Mack, A. Magill, M. Mbila, M.J. Mitchell, G. McGee, S. Mcnulty, K. Nadelhoffer, S. Ollinger, D. Ross, H. Rueth, L. Rustad, P. Schberg, S. Schiff, P. Schleppi, J. Spoelstra and W. Wessel. 2006. Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root 15N. Biogeochemistry 80:143-171.
  Parker, J. L., I. J. Fernandez, L. E. Rustad and S. A. Norton. 2002. Soil organic matter fractions in experimental forested watershed. Water Air Soil Pollut. 138:101-121.
  Parker, J.L., I. J. Fernandez, L. E. Rustad and S. A. Norton. 2001. Effects of Nitrogen Enrichment, Wildfire, and Harvesting on Forest Soil Carbon and Nitrogen. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.  65:1248-1255.
  Pellerin, B; I. Fernandez, S. Norton and J. Kahl. 2002. Soil Aluminum Distribution in the Near-Stream Zone at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine.  Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 134:189-204.
  Postek, K.M., C.T. Driscoll, J.S. Kahl and S.A. Norton. 1996. Changes in the concentrations and speciation of aluminum in response to an experimental addition of ammonium sulfate to the Bear Brook Watershed, Maine, U.S.A. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 85:1733-1738.
   

Rakesh, M., W. C. Shortle, G. B. Lawrence, M. B. David and S. C. Minocha. 1997. Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States. Plant Soil. 191:109-122.
  Rees, T. H. and J. L. Schnoor. 1994. Long-term simulationof decreased acid loading on a forested watershed. J. Env. Engrg. 120: 291-312.
  Reinhardt, R. L., S. A. Norton, M. Handley and A. Amirbahman. 2004. Dynamics of P, Al, and Fe during high discharge episodic acidification at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 4:311-323.
  Roy, S., S.A. Norton, I.J. Fernandez and J.S. Kahl. 1999. Linkages of P and Al export at high discharge at the Bear Brook watershed in Maine. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:133-147.
  Rustad, L. E. 2006. From transient to steady-state response of ecosystems to atmospheric CO2-enrichment and global climate change: concept challenges and need for an integrated approach. Plant Ecology 182:43-62.
  Rustad, L. E., I. J. Fernandez, R. D. Fuller, M. B. David and W. A. Halteman. 1993. Soil solution response to acidic deposition in a northern hardwood forest. Agric., Ecosyst. Environ. 47:117-134.
  Rustad, L.E., I.J. Fernandez, M.J. Mitchell, K.J. Nadelhoffer, M.B. David and R.B. Fuller. 1996. Experimental soil acidification and recovery at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60:1933-1943.
  Rustad, L. E., J. S. Kahl, S. A. Norton and I. J. Fernandez. 1994. Underestimation of dry deposition by throughfall in mixed northern hardwood forests. J. Hydrol. 162:319-336.
  Sherman, J., I. J. Fernandez, S. A. Norton, T. Ohno and L. E. Rustad. 2006. Soil aluminum, iron, and phosphorus dynamics in response to long-term experimental nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 121:421-429.
  Shortle, W. C.and E. A.Bondietti. 1992. Timing, magnitude, and impact of acidic deposition on sensitive forest sites. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 61:253-267.   
  Shortle, W. C. and R. Minocha. 1990. Applications of ion chromatography to pollution effects on forest trees. Adv. Ion Chromatog. 2:299-309.  
  Shortle, W. C. and K. T. Smith. 1988. Aluminum-induced calcium deficiency syndrome in declining red spruce. Science 240:1017-1018.
  Shortle, W. C., K. T. Smith, M. Rakesh, G. B. Lawrence and M. David. 1997. Acidic deposition, cation
mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce.  J. Environ. Qual. 26:871-876.   
  Simmons, J. A., I. J. Fernandez, R. D. Briggs and M. T. Delaney. 1996. Forest floor carbon and fluxes along a regional climate gradient in Maine. For. Ecol. Manage. 84:81-96.
  Son, Y .H., I. J. Fernandez and Z. Kim. 1992. Soil air CO2 concentrations in a spruce-fir forest, Maine, USA. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 81:177-182.
  Stam, A. C, M. J. Mitchell, H. R. Krouse and J. S. Kahl. 1992. Dynamics of stable sulfur isotopes of sulfate in precipitation and stream solutions in a northern hardwoods watershed. Water Resour. Res. 28:231-236.
  Strahm, B. D. and R. B. Harrison. 2007. Mineral and Organic matter controls on the sorption of macronutrient anions in variable-charge soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 71:1926-1933.
  Swoboda-Colberg, N. C. and J. I. Drever. 1993. Mineral dissolution rates in plot-scale field and laboratory experiments. Chem. Geol. 105:51-69.
  Szillery, J. E., I. J. Fernandez, S. A. Norton, L. E. Rustad and A. S. White. 2006. Using ion-exchange resins to study soil response to experimental watershed acidification. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 116:383-398.
  Uddameri, V., S. A. Norton, J. S. Kahl and J. P. Scofield. 1995. Randomized intervention analysis of the response of the West Bear Watershed, Maine to chemical manipulation. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 79:131-146.
  Vance, G. F. and M. B. David. 1992. Dissolved organic carbon and sulfate sorption in Spodosol mineral horizons. Soil Sci. 154:136-144.
  Vance, G. F. and M. B. David. 1991. Chemical characteristics and acidity of soluble organic substances from a northern hardwood forest floor. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 55:3611-3625.
  Vance, G. F. and M. B. David. 1991. Forest soil response to acid and salt additions of sulfate: III. solubilization and composition of dissolved organic carbon. Soil Sci. 151:297-305.
  Vance, G. F. and M. B. David. 1991. Spodosol cation release and buffering of acidic inputs. Soil Sci.
151:362-368.
  Vance, G. F. and M. B. David. 1989. Effect of acid treatment on dissolved organic carbon retention by a spodic horizon. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 53:1242-1247.
  Venterea, R. T., P. M. Groffman, M. S. Castro, L. V. Verchot, I. J. Fernandez and M. B. Adams. 2004. Soil emissions of nitric oxide gas in two forest watersheds subjected to elevated N inputs. For. Ecol. Manage. 196:335-349.
  Venterea, R. T. , P. M. Groffman, L. V. Verchot, A. H. Magill and J. D. Aber. 2004. Gross nitrogen process rates in temperate forest soils exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation. For. Ecol. Manag. 196:129-142.
  Wallenstein, M. D., S. McNulty, I. J. Fernandez, J. Boggs and W. H. Schlesinger. 2006. Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments. For. Ecol. Manag. 222:459-468.
  Wang, Z. and I. Fernandez. 1999. Soil type and forest vegetation influences on forest floor nitrogen dynamics at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:221-234.
  Wargo, P. M., K. Vogt, D. Vogt, Q. Holifield, J. Tilly, G. Lawrence and M. David. 2003. Vitality and chemistry of roots of red spruce in forest floors of stands with a gradient of soil Al/Ca ratios in the northeastern United States. Can. J. For. Res. 33:635-652.
  Watmough, S. A., J. Aherne, C. Alewell, P. Arp, S. Baily, T. Clair, P. Dillon, L. Duchesne, C. Eimers, I. Fernandez, N. Foster, T. Larssen, E. Miller, M. Mitchell and S. Page. 2005. Sulphate, nitrogen and base cation budgets at 21 forested catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe. Environ. Monit. Assess. 109:1-36.
  Weber, K.L. and G.B. Wiersma. 1998. Trace element concentrations in mosses collected from a treated experimental forest watershed. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 65:17-29.
  White, G., I. Fernandez and G. Wiersma. 1999. Impacts of ammonium sulfate treatment on the foliar chemistry of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine. Environ. Monit. Assess. 55:235-250.

 

The Department of Plant, Soil & Environmental Sciences

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The University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469

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