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1882 The Penobscot Chemical Fibre Company built a soda pulp mill at the Great Works site in Old Town. The mill was powered by water wheels.
Lincoln Pulp and Paper company, under the control of the Mattanawcook Mill Co. incorporated.
1883 Lincoln Pulp Mill constructed.
1888 Lincoln Pulp Mill operations suspended.
1895 Ayer built paper machine/brick paper mill at Eastern site in Brewer
1896 William McKinley President
Paper production began on Eastern site in Brewer (brown unbleached paper from pulp)
1900 Eastern Fine began production and sale of fine rag paper
1901 Theodore Roosevelt President
Second paper machine built EFP
1902 Third paper machine built EFP
1913 Woodrow Wilson President
1914 WWI begins; Panama Canal opens, 16% of the male work force in the battlefield
Eastern Manufacturing Company purchased Lincoln Pulp and Paper. It operates under the name of Katahdin Division of the Eastern Manufacturing Co.
In 1915 Penobscot Chemical Fibre Company built a Sulphite mill at Old Town and ran both soda and Sulphite pulp production. Soda pulp is used primarily in kraft paper production while Sulphite pulp is lighter in color and can be used for finer grades of paper.
1918-1920 eighteenth amendment Prohibition passed
1919 Eastern Girl’s Club at EFP hold’s ladies’ night and organizes social events
Eastern Fine Athletic Association membership limited to men
1920 Nineteenth Amendment women get the vote; post-war depression
Women working in sorting, plating, sheet calenders, mechanical dept, shipping, planning dept.
Mildred Miscall’s brother drowns in the log booms in the Penobscot river.
1921 Warren G. Harding, President
1922 Economic recovery
1923 Calvin Coolidge President
1928 Herbert Hoover President
1929 Stock Market Crash, Great Depression begins
1930 Maine Seaboard Paper, an affiliate of Central Maine Power Company build the Bucksport paper mill. It had 2 paper machines and manufactured 300 tons of newsprint a day.
1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt President
1933 Twenty-first amendment ends Prohibition
1935 National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act allows workers to unionize; Social Security established. (Many women not covered by social security—spouses, widows, farm wives, teachers, domestic servants, nurses, librarians, social workers until 1939).
1937-1939 Business recession
1938 Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage
1941 Pearl Harbor attacked, US enters WWII
During WWII the Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co produced cellulose used in explosives for the U.S. government.
1945 WWII ends, Harry S. Truman President; 19.3 million women working
1946 Time, Inc. purchased the Bucksport mill and engaged St. Regis Paper Company to operate it on a lease-purchase basis.
1947 Taft-Hartley Act limits power of Unions
1949 Phyllis Beaulieu began working at EFP in bindery
1950 Korean War begins
1950s Linda Esten’s father worked at EFP
1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower, President
In 1952 the Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co. discontinued the river drives of logs, resorting to truck transportation.
1953 Korean War ends
1955 AFL and CIO merge
1956 Lois Andrews began working for EFP as secretary and order typist in purchasing and traffic dept. just 2 weeks out of high school. Office staff unionized
1958 Standard Packaging purchases Eastern Manufacturing Co.
1960 John F. Kennedy President
1961 President’s Commission on the status of women established, 23,8 million women working
1963 Kennedy assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson President.
1964 Civil Rights Act; Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Penobscot Chemical Fibre Co. changed their name to the Penobscot Company.
Lincoln mill began producing tissue.
1965 Water and Air Quality Acts passed
1966 National Organization for Women founded
1967 Penobscot Corp merged with Diamond International.
1968 Eastern and Lincoln mills closed Dow Air Force Base in Bangor closed
Lincoln mill reopened under Preco, Inc. owned by Joe Torres
Eastern Mill reopened under local investment managed by former employees Bruce Hamilton, Arthur Tilley and Fran Knight.
First Coater installed
The people of Lincoln raised $350,000 to secure financing to open mill. Standard Packaging transferred ownership of the Lincoln mill to the Premoid Corporation. Lincoln employs about 525 workers.
1969 Richard Nixon president
E.B. Eddy Ltd. Canadian co. bought EFP
1970 First Earth Day celebration, 31.6 million women working
1976 Dola Hinckley began working at EFP as a trimmer helper in finishing dept; first woman to work on floor crew in finishing.
1972 Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment; Occupational Safety and Health Administration established to reduce hazards in the work place.
1973 Vietnam War ends
1974 Gerald Ford President; Equal Credit Opportunity Act equalizes loan and credit card terms for men and women
1975 Oil crisis and economic recession
1977 Jimmy Carter President
1978 Cyndi Wass began working in Eastern’s customer service dept.
1980 Economic recession recurs
Anne Robinson began working at EFP
1981 Ronald Reagan President; economic recession
1982 10% unemployment
1983 More than half women working outside of home; ERA not ratified.
1983 James River Bought Old Town pulp mill.
1984 St. Regis of Bucksport merged with Champion.
1988 Wendy Durrah began working in human resources at EFP
1989 George H. W. Bush President
Joe Torres bought Eastern mill
1990 7.7 million single mothers in U.S.
1991 Persian Gulf War
1993 Bill Clinton, President; NAFTA approved
1993 EFP 25th anniversary (from re-opening)
1994 Wendy Durrah moves from human resources to production scheduling at EFP
1996 Aid to Families with Depended Children eliminated
1997 Madeline Albright first woman Secretary of State
1997 James River merged with Fort Howard to make Fort James
2000 Georgia Pacific bought Ft. James.
Champion of Bucksport merged with International Paper.
2001 George W. Bush President
2004 Eastern Fine Paper closed permanently January, 2004-- 400 employees out of work
2006 Georgia Pacific closed the Old Town pulp mill March, 2006—450 employees out of work.
Katahdin Paper in Lincoln continues to employ 550 people.
International Paper in Bucksport continues to employ more than 1,000 people.
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