Australian Savanna Free Air CO2 Enrichment Facility (OzFACE)
Contact: Chris Stokes, Andrew Ash, Joe Holtum
Email: chris.stokes@csiro.au, Andrew.ash@csiro.au, joseph.holtum@jcu.edu.au
Site Location: Yubulu, northeast Queensland, Australia
Latitude: -19.25 decimal degrees
Longitude: 146.77 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 23.5 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1143 mm
Biome: Tropical savanna
Experimental
Manipulation: 3
CO2 treatments: ambient (~370 ppm), 460 ppm, 550 ppm
Technology: FACE
Start Date: April 2001
End Date: July 2006
Key Research Questions:
Aims:
* determine the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and altered
climate on tropical savanna ecosystems and the enterprises they support;
* quantify the potential
for vegetation management practices to offset greenhouse gas emissions;
* incorporate data into
improved assessments of the impacts of climate change to support management and
policy decisions.
Key Findings: In progress
Web
Site: http://www.cse.csiro.au/research/ras/ozface/
Contact: Douglas Godbold
Email: d.l.godbold@bangor.ac.uk
Site Location: Bangor, Wales, UK
Latitude: 52 decimal degrees
Longitude: -4 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Mixed deciduous forest
Experimental Manipulation:
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.bangorface.org.uk/
Publications:
Contact: Christian Körner
Email: ch.koerner@unibas.ch
Site Location: Switzerland
Latitude: 47.5 decimal degrees
Longitude: 7.5 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 9 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 750 mm
Biome: Mixed deciduous forest
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm
Technology: CO2 enrichment is by FACE (free air CO2 enrichment) using a modified technology applicable to tall forest trees (web-FACE, Pepin et al. 2002).
Start Date: 2000
End Date: 2007
Key Research Questions:
Key
Findings: In
this first and still only mature, natural forest tree CO2-enrichment study,
elevated CO2 causes higher rates of photosynthesis (Zotz et al. 2005), higher
rates of carbon flux into and out of soils (13C signals; Steinmann et al. 2004,
Keel et al.2006) but no sustained growth stimulation of trees (Körner et al.
2005, Asshoff et al. 2006). CO2 induced savings in canopy level water loss are
between 5 and 10 % (Cech et al. 2003, S. Leuzinger 2007 subm.). Neither LAI nor
leaf litter and fine root production are significantly
affected, but there is a
trend of reduced leaf and fine root production and strong carbon allocation to
mycorrhiza, which counteracts per unit leaf area stimulation of photosynthesis (Körner
et al.2005).
Web Site: http://pages.unibas.ch/botschoen/scc/index.shtml
Contact: Paul Newton
Email: newtonp@agresearch.cri.nz
Site Location: Bulls, New Zealand
Latitude: -40.23 decimal degrees
Longitude: 175.27 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 475 ppm, grazing
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Bjartmar Sveinbjornsson
Email: afbs@uaa.alaska.edu
Site Location: Alaska, USA
Latitude: 65.15 decimal degrees
Longitude: -147.05 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Marcel Hoosbeek
Email: marcel.hoosbeek@bodeco.beng.wag-ur.nl
Site Location: Cumbria, England
Latitude: 54.58 decimal degrees
Longitude: -2.92 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.joensuu.fi/mekri/beri/index.htm
Publications:
Contact: Mike Jones
Email: jonesm@tcd.ie
Site Location: Dublin, Ireland
Latitude: 53.33 decimal degrees
Longitude: -6.3 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Josef Noesberger
Email: josef.noesberger@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch
Site Location: Eschikon, Switzerland
Latitude: 47.37 decimal degrees
Longitude: 8.53 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.fb.ipw.agrl.ethz.ch/FACE.html
Publications:
FACTS II (Aspen FACE)
Contact: David Karnosky
Email: karnosky@mtu.edu
Site Location: Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA
Latitude: 45.6 decimal degrees
Longitude: -89.7 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Aspen Forest
Experimental Manipulation: ambient and 200 ppm, ozone
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Where is the missing carbon from global carbon models? Is it being sequestered by forests?
Will more or less CO2 be sequestered by forest trees as CO2 levels rise?
Are forests net carbon sources or sinks? Do they change over time?
Is carbon sequestered by trees stored for long time periods in the soil?
Will elevated CO2 alleviate other stresses (e.g. ozone, drought, low fertility)?
Will our forests become more or less productive over time under elevated CO2?
How will elevated CO2 affect insect and disease interactions with trees?
How do CO2 and the greenhouse gas ozone interact?
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://aspenface.mtu.edu/index.html
Contact: Christian Körner
Email: ch.koerner@unibas.ch
Site Location: Switzerland
Latitude:
Longitude:
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 530 ppm
Technology:
Start Date: 2000
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://pages.unibas.ch/botschoen/elevated_co2/index.shtml
Publications:
Contact: Ludger Gruenhage
Email: Ludger.Gruenhage@bot2.bio.uni-giessen.de
Site Location: Linden, Germany
Latitude: 50.53 decimal degrees
Longitude: 8.69 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 9.4 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 573 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 20% above ambient
Technology: FACE (description: Jäger et al., 2003)
Start Date: May 1998
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web
Site:
http://www.uni-giessen.de/~gf1034/ENGLISH/Li-english.htm
Contact: Zoltan Tuba
Email: tuba@fau.gau.hu
Site Location: Godollo, Hungary
Latitude: 47.5 decimal degrees
Longitude: 19.3 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Jean-Francois Soussana
Email: soussana@valmont.clermont.inra.fr
Site Location: Clermont-Ferrand, France
Latitude: 45.77 decimal degrees
Longitude: 3.07 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm, grazing
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Publications:
Contact: Marcel Hoosbeek
Email: marcel.hoosbeek@bodeco.beng.wag-ur.nl
Site Location: Kopparasmyren, Sweden
Latitude: 57.12 decimal degrees
Longitude: 14.5 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.joensuu.fi/mekri/beri/index.htm
Publications:
Contact: Marcel Hoosbeek
Email: marcel.hoosbeek@bodeco.beng.wag-ur.nl
Site Location: Les Chaux-des-Breuleux, Switzerland
Latitude: 47.22 decimal degrees
Longitude: 7.05 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.joensuu.fi/mekri/beri/index.htm
Publications:
Lysimeter CO2 Gradient (LYCOG) Experiment
Contact:
Wayne Polley, Philip
Fay, Virginia Jin
Email: wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov,
philip.fay@ars.usda.gov,
virginia.jin@ars.usda.gov
Site Location: Temple, Texas USA
Latitude: 31.03 decimal degrees
Longitude: 97.33 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 19 degrees Celsius (25°C mean max, 12.6°C mean min)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 909 mm
Biome: Tallgrass prairie
Experimental Manipulation: Air CO2 x soil type
Technology: Field chambers and weighing lysimeters
Start Date: 2005
End Date: 2015
Key
Research Questions:
How does atmospheric carbon
dioxide enrichment interact with regionally important differences in soil type
to affect plant production, plant species composition, and plant and soil
controls on carbon cycling in tallgrass prairie?
Key Findings:
Web
Site:
http://www.ars.usda.gov/spa/gswrl/gpr
Contact: Bruce Kimball
Email: bkimball@uswcl.ars.ag.gov
Site Location: Maricopa, Arizona, USA
Latitude: 33.07 decimal degrees
Longitude: -111.98 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Agricultural Crops
Experimental Manipulation: ambient and 200 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.uswcl.ars.ag.gov/epd/co2/co2face.htm
Contact: Marcel Hoosbeek
Email: marcel.hoosbeek@bodeco.beng.wag-ur.nl
Site Location: Mekrijarvi, Finland
Latitude: 62.78 decimal degrees
Longitude: 30.93 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.joensuu.fi/mekri/beri/index.htm
Publications:
Contact: Hans Payer
Email: payer@gsf.de
Site Location: Munich, Germany
Latitude: 48.13 decimal degrees
Longitude: 11.55 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 600 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Lynn Fenstermaker
Email: lynn@dri.edu
Site Location: Nevada, USA
Latitude: 36.18 decimal degrees
Longitude: -115.92 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Desert Scrub Community
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.unlv.edu/Climate_Change_Research/
Contact: Dinesh Uprety
Email: dcu@iari.ernet.in
Site Location: New Delhi, India
Latitude: 28.07 decimal degrees
Longitude: 77.2 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Agricultural Crops
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Rich Norby
Email: norbyrj@ornl.gov
Site Location: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Latitude: 35.9 decimal degrees
Longitude: -84.33 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 14.2 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1390 mm
Biome: Sweetgum Plantation
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm
Technology:
Start Date: April 1998
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
- characterize aboveground tree growth and leaf area in relation to CO2 concentration and interannual variation in other environmental factors;
- determine the relationships between stand dynamics, photosynthesis, respiration, and tissue chemistry;
- establish the importance of stomatal conductance, boundary layer conductance, and canopy conductance as factors regulating whole-plant transpiration response to elevated CO2;
- measure stem respiration response in sweetgum to CO2 and partition observed responses into growth and maintenance respiration;
- quantify fine root density and turnover;
- determine the trajectory of response to CO2 in leaf litter chemistry, and begin long-term measurement of litter decomposition;
- quantify the critical components of the nitrogen cycle and their response to CO2 enrichment;
- identify sources and dynamics of soil organic matter and their response to CO2 enrichment;
- construct an intra-annual carbon budget for the stands to determine the impact of elevated CO2 on net ecosystem production;
- use a mechanistic, process-based soil-plant ecosystem model to develop and refine hypotheses of ecosystem response to elevated CO2.
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.esd.ornl.gov/facilities/ORNL-FACE/index.html
Contact: Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza
Email: giuseppe.scarascia@ibaf.cnr.it
Site Location: Viterbo, Italy
Latitude: 42.37 decimal degrees
Longitude: 11.8 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Poplar Plantation
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.unitus.it/euroface
Contact: Marco Bindi
Email: bindi@sunserver.iata.fi.cnr.it
Site Location: Rapolano, Italy
Latitude: 43.25 decimal degrees
Longitude: 11.35 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: 560-600 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.var.fgov.be/chip.php
Publications:
Contact: Kazuhiko Kobayashi
Email: clasman@niaes.affrc.go.jp
Site Location: Shizuikuishi, Japan
Latitude: 39.63 decimal degrees
Longitude: 140.95 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Rice Paddy
Experimental Manipulation: ambient and 200 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://ws234.niaes.affrc.go.jp/riceface/Introduction_to_RiceFACE/English/sld001.htm
Contact: Walter Oechel
Email: oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu
Site Location: Sky Oaks, California, USA
Latitude: 33.37 decimal degrees
Longitude: -116.62 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Chaparral
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key
Findings:
Growth responses of young (30 year) trees differ between evergreen (Pinus,
no response) and deciduous tree line species (Larix, strong initial
response). The Larix response somewhat diminished with time, but is still
present, the zero response in pines persisted. Interactions with defoliation
(insect outbreak) can revert signals.
Web Site: http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/GCRG/skyoaks/SkyOaks.htm
Contact: Stephen Long
Email: stevel@life.uiuc.edu
Site Location: Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
Latitude: 40.03 decimal degrees
Longitude: -88.22 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Soybean
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm, ozone
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.soyface.uiuc.edu/index.htm
Publications:
Contact: Stephan Hattenschwiler
Email: Stephan.Haettenschwiler@unibas.ch
Site Location: Davos, Switzerland
Latitude: 46.75 decimal degrees
Longitude: 9.75 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Treeline Ecotone
Experimental Manipulation: 550 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.unibas.ch/botschoen/07/13/1e.htm
Contact: Marcel Hoosbeek
Email: marcel.hoosbeek@bodeco.beng.wag-ur.nl
Site Location: Wageningen, The Netherlands
Latitude: 52 decimal degrees
Longitude: 60 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Bog
Experimental Manipulation: 560 ppm
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://www.joensuu.fi/mekri/beri/index.htm
Publications: