Contact:
Rien
Aerts, Hans Cornelissen (VU University
Email: hans.cornelissen@falw.vu.nl
Site
Location:
Latitude: 68.35 decimal degrees
Longitude: 18.82 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: -1.0 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 304 mm
Biome: Tundra (general); Sub-arctic blanket peat bog (specific)
Experimental Manipulation: Summer Warming (+1-2 ºC), Winter Warming (through snow accumulation, +25 cm), Spring warming (+2 ºC)
Technology: Open-top Chambers (2.5 m diameter)
Start Date: June 2000
End Date: 2015?
Key Research Questions:
How do plant species and their functional composition, soil organic
matter turnover and soil respiration, vegetation productivity, faunal and
microbial communities, and carbon, nutrient and water cycles in sub-arctic peat
bogs respond to climate warming?
What are the contributions and interactions of climate changes in
different seasons (summer, winter, spring) with respect to changes in the above
biotic and abiotic features of these peatlands?
Key Findings:
1. While the dominant species, Sphagnum fuscum, has been shown to become more productive with experimental warming, there are complex interactions of this response with seasonal patterns, year-to-year variation, the vascular plant community and inherent peat dynamics
2.
The vascular plant community, notably
Rubus
chamaemorus and
Andromeda polifolia,
show strong patterns of advanced reproductive phenology in response to spring
warming.
3.
The vascular plant community appears
rather resistant to warming in the short term, but there are indications for
several species that the long-term response may be significant.
4.
Preliminary results show signs of increased soil respiration in warmed plots,
but the long-term pattern is still uncertain.
Web
Site: www.falw.vu.nl/iew/systeco
Environmental Sciences Research Centre
Contact: Lisa Kellman
Email: lkellman@stfx.ca
Site Location: Abraham's Lake, Nova Scotia, Canada
Latitude: 45.10 decimal degrees
Longitude: -62.83 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 5.8 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1440 mm
Biome: Red Spruce Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming - Trenching and Managed Forest Chronosequence (clearcut, 15 year planted, 15 year natural regeneration, 45 year, 80 year, +125 year old growth forest)
Technology: Cables
Start Date: Fall 2005
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Changes in mineral soil C storage due to forest management, Sensitivity of SOC to changes in temperature.
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://esrc.stfx.ca
Publications:
Contact: Stith Gower
Email: stgower@facstaff.wisc.edu
Site Location: Thompson, Manitoba, Canada
Latitude: 55.88 decimal degrees
Longitude: -98.33 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Air/soil warming
Technology: Otc, heated water
Start Date: 1993
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Buxton Climate Change Impacts Lab
Contact: Ken Thompson
Email: ken.thompson@sheffield.ac.uk
Site Location: Scheffield, UK
Latitude: 53.3 decimal degrees
Longitude: -2 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 8 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1292 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: November 1993
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Bridget Emmett
Email: bae@ceh.ac.uk
Site Location: Bangor, Wales, UK
Latitude: 53.05 decimal degrees
Longitude: -3.47 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 8.9 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1427 mm
Biome: Heath ecosystem on organic soil
Experimental Manipulation: +1 oC, 6-8 week summer drought
Technology:
Passive night time warming. Water:
Automatic Rain out shelter
Start Date: May 1997
End Date: Ongoing
Key
Research Questions: Effects
on species, community and ecosystem function (plants, fauna, soil, microbes)
(including GHG gas exchange and carbon storage)
Key Findings: Repeated drought affects carbon storage, elevated temp. change species composition
Web Site: www.vukcanproject.com
Contact: Paul Verburg
Email: pverburg@dri.edu
Site Location: Nevada, USA
Latitude: 39.5 decimal degrees
Longitude: -119.78 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation:
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Josep Penuelas
Email: josep.penuelas@uab.cat
Site Location: Garraf Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain
Latitude: 41.3 decimal degrees
Longitude: 1.82 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 15.25 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 592 mm
Biome: Mediterranean shrubland
Experimental
Manipulation: +1 oC,
6-8 week winter/spring drought each year (3 replicates)
Technology:
Temp: Passive night time warming. Water:
Automatic Rain out shelter
Start Date: February 1999
End Date: Ongoing
Key
Research Questions: Effects
on species, community and ecosystem function (plants, fauna, soil, microbes)
(including GHG gas exchange and carbon storage)
Key
Findings: Elevated
temperature change species composition and seedling establishment.
Web Site: www.vulcanproject.com
Contact: Philip Ineson
Email: j.ingram@ioh.ac.uk
Site Location: Penrith, UK
Latitude: 55.08 decimal degrees
Longitude: -2.75 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: April 1993
End Date: January 1995
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Jerry Melillo
Email: jmelillo@mbl.edu
Site Location: Petersham, Massachusetts, USA
Latitude: 42.5 decimal degrees
Longitude: -72.17 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 7 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1102 mm
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: July 1991
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Lindsey Rustad
Email: rustad@maine.edu
Site Location: Howland, Maine, USA
Latitude: 45.17 decimal degrees
Longitude: -68.80 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 6 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1100 mm
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: May 1993
End Date: October 1995
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Myron Mitchell
Email: mitchell@forbin.syr.edu
Site Location: Newcomb, New York, USA
Latitude: 43.98 decimal degrees
Longitude: -74.23 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 4 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1010 mm
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: May 1993
End Date: September 1994
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Huntington Forest Publications
Contact: Jeff Welker
Email: afjmw1@uaa.alaska.edu
Site Location:
Latitude: 68.64 decimal degrees
Longitude: -149.58 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Tundra
Experimental Manipulation:
Technology:
Start Date:
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Edit Kovács-Láng
Email: lange@botanika.hu
Site Location: Kecskemét, Hungary
Latitude: 46.88 decimal degrees
Longitude: 19.38 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 10.4 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 504.8 mm
Biome: Shrub ecosystem with Populus Albe
Experimental Manipulation: Passive nighttime warming, temporary rain exclusion
Technology:
Temp: Passive night time warming.
Water: Automatic Rain out shelter
Start Date: May 2001
End Date: Ongoing
Key
Research Questions: Changes in
biodiversity, ecosystem structure and
Key
Findings: The components react
differently to treatments, Natural weather
Web Site: www.obki.hu
Contact: Diana Wall
Email: diana@nrel.colostate.edu
Site Location: Antarctica
Latitude: -77.63 decimal degrees
Longitude: 162.88 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Polar desert
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Otc
Start Date: December 1993
End Date: December 1999
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Claus Beier
Email: claus.beier@risoe.dk
Site Location: Ebeltoft, Denmark
Latitude: 56.38 decimal degrees
Longitude: 10.95 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 9 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 644 mm
Biome: Heath/grass ecosystem on sandy soil
Experimental
Manipulation: +1 oC,
6-8 week summer drought each year (3 replicates)
Technology:
Passive night time
warming. Water: Automatic Rain out shelter
Start Date: May 1997
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions: Effects on species, community and ecosystem function (plants, fauna, soil, microbes) (including GHG gas exchange and carbon storage)
Key Findings: Drought affects soil structure, Warming affects species composition and growth, Warming interacts with disturbances to cause increased leaching of N
Web Site: www.vulcanproject.com
Contact: Johanna Cornelissen
Email: hansco@BIO.VU.NL
Site Location: Norway
Latitude: 79.13 decimal degrees
Longitude: 11.77 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: -6 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 371 mm
Biome: Tundra
Experimental Manipulation: Air warming
Technology: Otc
Start Date: June 1991
End Date: August 1995
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Shiping Wang
Email: wangship2008@yahoo.cn
Site Location: Oinghai Province, China
Latitude: 37.62 decimal degrees
Longitude: 101.20 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: -1.7 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 426 mm to 860 mm
Biome: Alpine meadow
Experimental Manipulation: Warming
Technology: Infrared heaters with free-air temperature enhancement (FATE)
Start Date: May 2006
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Yiqi Luo
Email: yluo@ou.edu
Site Location: Norman, Oklahoma, USA
Latitude: 35.25 decimal degrees
Longitude: -97.50 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 16.3 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 914 mm
Biome: Tall grass prairie
Experimental Manipulation: Experiment I. warming (infrared radiation heaters) x clipping
Experiment II: warming (infrared radiation heaters) x precipitation (doubled using rain-collection-redistribution device)
Technology: Shelter and additions
Start Date: Warming x clipping - November 1999
Warming x precipitation - February 2002
End Date: Warming x clipping - ongoing
Warming x precipitation - February 2005
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: http://bomi.ou.edu/luo
Publications: Go to the web site above
Contact: Albert Tietema
Email: a.tietema@science.uva.nl
Site Location: Zwolle, Netherlands
Latitude: 52.4 decimal degrees
Longitude: 5.92 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 10.1 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 940 mm
Biome: Shrub ecosystem
Experimental Manipulation: +1 oC, 6-8 week winter/spring drought each year (3 replicates)
Technology:
Passive
night time warming. Water: Automatic Rain out shelter
Start Date: May 1997
End Date: Ongoing
Key
Research Questions: Effects on
species, community and ecosystem function (plants, fauna, soil, microbes)
(including GHG gas exchange and carbon storage)
Key
Findings: Elevated
temp. change species composition and N leaching. Repeated drought affects soil
structure.
Web Site:
Contact: Carla Gunderson
Email: gundersonca@ornl.gov
Site Location: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Latitude: 35.9 decimal degrees
Longitude: 84.35 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 14 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1322 mm
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Air warming
Technology: Otc
Start Date: April 1994
End Date: September 1997
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Porto Conte Capo Caccia (VULCAN)
Contact: Paolo De Angelis
Email: pda@unitus.it
Site Location: Northwest Sardinia, Italy
Latitude: 40.62 decimal degrees
Longitude: 8.17 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 6.8 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 640 mm
Biome: Mediterranean shrubland
Experimental
Manipulation: Nighttime
warming (+0.5 °C on daily minimum; extended drought period (reduction of
rainfall from 6% to 46% of annual)
Technology: Aluminum and plastic roofs, automatically controlled
Start Date: July 2001
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions: Impacts on growth, on species composition and on soil CO2 effluxes, of increasing temperatures and drought; environmental controls of soil respiration in semi-arid climate; interaction of climate changes and nitrogen cycle.
Key
Findings: The
Mediterranean shrubland ecosystems are relatively insensitive to moderate
temperature increase. Because the natural occurring drought is the main limiting
factor, any changes on rainfall pattern could strongly affect these ecosystems.
The response of soil respiration
to climate changes is strictly related to the impact on plant growth and
productivity.
Web Site: www.vulcanproject.com
Porto Conte Capo Caccia Publications
Contact: Osvaldo Sala
Email: sala@ifeva.edu.ar
Site Location: Rio Mayo, Argentina
Latitude: -45.42 decimal degrees
Longitude: -70.27 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 8 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 150 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Air warming
Technology: Otc
Start Date: October 1996
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Rockie Mountain Biological Laboratory
Contact: John Harte
Email: jharte@berkeley.edu
Site Location: Crested Butte, Colorado, USA
Latitude: 38.88 decimal degrees
Longitude: -107.03 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 5 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 750 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Soil warming
Technology: Infra-red
Start Date: January 1991
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key
Findings:
Web Site:
Contact: Ingrid Burke
Email: indy@cnr.colostate.edu
Site Location: Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Latitude: 40.82 decimal degrees
Longitude: -104.77 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 9 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 322 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Air/soil warming
Technology: Glass house
Start Date: May 1996
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Shortgrass Steppe Publications
Contact: Mark Hovenden
Email: Mark.Hovenden@utas.edu.au
Site Location: Pontville, Tasmania, Australia
Latitude: -42.69 decimal degrees
Longitude: 147.33 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature:
Mean Annual Precipitation:
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Air warming, 550 ppm
Technology: Infra-red, FACE
Start Date: February 2002
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: David Tingey
Email: dtingey@heart.cor.epa.gov
Site Location: Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Latitude: 45.33 decimal degrees
Longitude: -124.03 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 11 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1095 mm
Biome: Forest
Experimental Manipulation: Air/soil warming
Technology: Otc
Start Date: August 1993
End Date: August 1997
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
Contact: Gus Shaver
Email: gshaver@mbl.edu
Site Location: North Slope, Alaska, USA
Latitude: 68.63 decimal degrees
Longitude: -149.56 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: -9 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 330 mm
Biome: Tundra
Experimental Manipulation: Air warming
Technology: Glass house
Start Date: June 1989
End Date: Ongoing
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site:
Publications:
US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center
Contact: Bruce A. Kimball
Email: bkimball@uswcl.ars.ag.gov
Site Location: Maricopa, Arizona, USA
Latitude: 33.07 decimal degrees
Longitude: 111.97 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 20.6 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 173 mm
Biome: Irrigated area surrounded by desert
Experimental Manipulation:
“Hot Serial Cereal”
Experiment:
1. Planting wheat every 6
weeks for 2 years (Wheat is normally a winter crop at Maricopa.)
2. Arrays of infrared
heaters for the 1Mar, 1Sep, and 1Dec planting dates. Canopy temperatures
controlled at 1.5 C during daytime and 3.0 C at night above un-heated reference
plots
Technology:
Hexagonal arrays of
infrared heaters deployed over 3-m-diameter plots.
Start Date: 1 March 2007
End Date: Approximately 1 June 2009
Key Research Questions:
1. Determine the effects
of warming by natural seasonal changes and by artificial manipulation on the
growth, development, and yield of wheat in open-field plots.
2. Validate the
temperature aspects of wheat growth models.
Key Findings:
Web
Site: http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=409185
Contact: Greg Masters
Email: DrGregMasters@aol.com
Site Location: Whytham, UK
Latitude: 51.77 decimal degrees
Longitude: -1.33 decimal degrees
Mean Annual Temperature: 10 degrees Celsius
Mean Annual Precipitation: 682 mm
Biome: Grassland
Experimental Manipulation: Air/soil warming
Technology: Cables
Start Date: January 1994
End Date:
Key Research Questions:
Key Findings:
Web Site: