SESSION D:

Title: Stream Simulation Design: Alternatives to traditional round culverts in Atlantic Salmon DPS watersheds

Author: Steven Koenig
Project SHARE, 14 Boynton Street, Eastport, ME 04631; 207/853-0931; skoenig@salmonhabitat.org

Abstract:

Streams are linear ecosystem highly constrained in two dimensions. Movement of organisms and abiotic components such as sediment and woody debris is highly one-dimensional (upstream/downstream) and vulnerable to fragmentation. Culverts present the major anthropogenic barrier to fish passage and are the primary contributor to breaks in watershed process continuity.

Project SHARE has been actively engaged in on-the-ground habitat enhancement projects in the Downeast Atlantic Salmon watersheds. Since 2004 several dozen stream crossing have been removed restoring natural passage and watershed processes. In 2005, a team from the US Forrest Service provided formal training in "Stream Simulation Design" with principle application to design permanent crossings with open bottom structures. The premise of Stream Simulation Design is: A channel that simulates characteristics of the adjacent natural channel will present no more a challenge to organisms than the natural challenge.

A pilot demonstration project was installed in the Machias River Watershed the summer of 2005. Pre-construction project development included: site selection with site specific reconnaissance, site survey, project design, and Section 7 consultation (Endangered Species Act). Construction was incorporated into a workshop attended by landowners and state and federal agency representatives. Post-construction project development included: monitoring construction, biological assessment and the development of a restoration strategy for prioritizing future projects in the DPS watersheds.

The presentation will highlight applications of stream simulation design, all aspects of the pilot project, and plans for future application in the Downeast DPS watersheds. Details will include components of design criteria, project cost, and considerations for ESA Section 7 consultation. In addition, observations regarding both positive and negative social change and acceptance of these restoration projects will be discussed.