Introduced Fish in Maine

References and Literature Cited

AuClair, Roger P. 1960. White perch in Maine. (MS thesis work of 1953-1955 at Sebasticook Lake, Newport, Maine). Maine DIFW, Augusta, Maine (Matt Scott).

Boucher, David. 2002. Illegal Fish Stockings Threaten Maine Lakes and Rivers. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. MDIFW Internet Web Page (11-26).

Bradstreet, Ted. 1981. CRAPPIE! (with Editor's note expounding on the problems associated with the indiscriminate introduction of non-indigenous fishes in Maine). Maine Fish and Wildlife (Maine DIFW), Summer 1981:13-15.

Burkhead, N.M. and J.D. Williams. 1991. An intergeneric hybrid of a native minnow, the golden shiner, and an exotic minnow, the rudd. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120:781-795.

Cardoza, J.E, G.S. Jones, T.W. French, and D.B. Halliwell. 1993. Exotic and translocated vertebrates of Massachusetts (2nd Edition). Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Fauna of Massachusetts Series No. 6, 106 pages.

Courtenay, W.R. Jr. and D.A. Hensley. 1979. Survey of introduced non-native fishes. Phase I Report. Introduced exotic fishes in North America: status 1979. Report submitted to National Fishery Research Laboratory, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL.

Everhart, W.H. 1976. Fishes of Maine. Maine Department of Inland Fish and Game, Augusta, Maine (4th Edition 1976, 3rd Ed. 1966, 2nd Ed. 1958, 1st Ed. 1950).

Ferguson, M.M. 1990. The genetic impact of introduced fishes on native species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:1053-1057.

Foye, R.E. 1965. The CARP - Menace in Merrymeeting Bay. Maine Fish and Game (Maine DIFW), Spring 1965:26-27.

Fuller, P.L., L.G. Nico, and J.D. Williams. 1999. Nonindigenous Fishes Introduced into Inland Waters of the United States. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 27, 613 pages.

Halliwell, D.B., R.W. Langdon, R.A. Daniels, J.P. Kurtenbach, and R.A. Jacobson. 1999. Classification of freshwater fish species of the northeastern United States for use in the development of indices of biological integrity, with regional applications. Pages 301-337 (Chapter 12) in: T.P. Simon (editor), Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities, CRC Press.

Hartel, K.E. 1992. Non-native fishes known from Massachusetts freshwaters. Occasional Reports (2), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Fish Department, Harvard University, 9 pages.

Hartel, K.E., D.B. Halliwell, and A.E. Launer. 2002. Inland Fishes of Massachusetts. Natural History of New England Series, Massachusetts Audubon Society Press, Lincoln, MA.

Humphrey, Bob. 2001. Plague of the Bucket Biologists - Why They Threaten Maine's Fisheries. Maine Fish and Wildlife (Maine DIFW), Summer 2001:19-22.

Kendall, W.C. 1914. The Fishes of Maine. Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History, Volume 3(1).

Kircheis, F.W. 1994. Update on freshwater fish species reproducing in Maine. Maine
Naturalist (presently named Northeastern Naturalist) 2(1):25-28.

MDIFW. 1981. Imported Baitfish: Let's Keep Them OUT of Maine! Maine Fish and
Wildlife (Maine DIFW), Winter 1980-81:22-24.

MDIFW. 2002. Fishes of Maine. Maine Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Augusta, Maine, 38 pages (Joseph R. Tomelleri fish species artwork - WY Fish & Game).

MDIFW. 2002. Save Maine's Native Fish Species! Stop Disastrous Illegal Fish Stocking! Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Aquatic Invaders BROCHURE (with pertinent statements by Forrest Bonney and Francis Brautigam, MDIFW)

O’Leary, J. and D.G. Smith. 1987. Occurrence of the first freshwater migration of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in the Connecticut River, Massachusetts. Fisheries Bulletin 85:380-383.

Pellerin, Jim. 2002. A Future for Rainbows? MDIFW launches an experimental stocking program. Maine Fish and Wildlife (Maine DIFW), Spring 2002:11-14.

Schilling, E.G., A.M. Gullo, and J.K. Markowsky. (in review). First records of a non-native fish, central mudminnow (Umbra limi, Family Umbridae) in Maine. Revised ms. submitted to Northeastern Naturalist (Spring 2005).

Scott, M.C. and G.S. Helfman. 2001. Native invasions, homogenization, and the
mismeasure of integrity of fish assemblages. AFS Fisheries 26(11):6-15.

Walker, P.G. 1983. In Hatchery Or Habitat: Guarding Fish Health. Maine Fish and
Wildlife (Maine DIFW), Summer 1983:9-11.

Warner, Ken (editor). 2001. Landlocked Atlantic salmon and brook trout in Maine - Life/Management Histories. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife - Fisheries & Hatcheries: Annual Research & Management Report, 53 pages.

Warner, Ken (editor). 2002. Black bass and lake trout in Maine - Life/Management
Histories. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife - Fisheries & Hatcheries: Annual Research & Management Report, 77 pages.

Warner, Ken and K.A. Havey. 1985. Life History, Ecology and Management of Maine Landlocked Salmon (Salmo salar). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Augusta, Maine.

Watson, John. 1955. The Maine Smallmouth. (MS thesis work on Big Lake in Washington County, Maine). Maine DIFW, Augusta, Maine (Matt Scott)

Whittier, T.R., D.B. Halliwell, and S.G. Paulsen. 1997. Cyprinid distributions in northeast
U.S.A. lakes: evidence of regional-scale minnow biodiversity losses. Canadian
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1593-1607.

Whittier, T.R. and T. Kincaid. 1999. Introduced fish in northeastern USA lakes: regional extent, dominance, and effect on native species richness. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:769-783.

Yoder, Chris and Brandon Kulik. 2002. Boat electrofishing fish assemblage survey of the mainstem Kennebec River, Maine. (preliminary fish occurrence notes) Midwest Biodiversity Institute and Kleinschmidt Associates (Maine DEP-DIFW-DMR and U.S. EPA Region I).

Related Newspaper Articles

Bangor Daily News. 2001. Maine struggles to eradicate illegal fish stocking. August 11 newspaper article by Deirdre Fleming.

Bangor Daily News. 2002. Illicit stocking hurts fisheries - species native to Maine squeezed out. May 13 newspaper article by Misty Edgecomb.

Bangor Daily News. 2003. Pike caught in Sebago is bad news. June 6 newspaper article by John Holyoke.

Kennebec Journal. 2002. Illegal stocking alters lakes. April 8 newspaper article distributed by the Associated Press.

Kennebec Journal. 2002. Northern snakehead not found in Maine. July 25 newspaper article by Joe Rankin, staff writer. (Giant snakehead records)

Portland Press Herald. 2002. Illegal fish stocking threatens species. June 8 newspaper article distributed by the Associated Press.

Portland Press Herald. 2003. Pike found in Sebago Lake concerns state biologists. June 4 newspaper article distributed by the Associated Press.

Boston Globe. 2003. (Maine) Lawmakers crack down on unauthorized fish stocking. June 29 newspaper article distributed by the Associated Press.

Morning Sentinel 2000-03. (Dwayne Rioux - Maine Lore and Ken Allen - Outdoors)

Illegal stocking threatens fishery. July 19, 2000 (Maine Lore: Umbagog Lake and Rapid River drainage, Smallmouth bass impacts on salmonid fishery).

Illegal Movements - non-native fish populating Maine waters at alarming rate. April 1, 2001 (Maine Lore: Muskellunge dispersal in St. John - St. Francis river drainages)

60 Years of Black Crappie - Robert Foye remembers fish's introduction to Maine waters. January 5, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Forgotten black crappie - abundant, tasty fish often overlooked by some serious anglers in Maine. January 13, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Readers provide insight on crappie - sharp-eyed anglers find non-native fish in many local lakes, ponds. January 16, 2002 (Maine Lore: plus mudpuppy, introduced late 1930's)

Walleye preying on Long Pond - biologists concerned of thriving populations being established throughout the Belgrades. January 31, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Exotic fish found in area lakes - Rudd a food competitor with smelts, alewives, perch. March 3, 2002. Fisheries biologists find juvenile rudd mixed in with other bait fish at several central Maine bait shops. March 6, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Plenty of (white) perch - anglers gather to catch Maine's most popular fish. April 17, 2002 (Maine Lore). Errata Sidenote - Bass family no relation (to white perch) May 1, 2002 (Dwayne Rioux - response comments by D. Halliwell).

'Epidemic' proportions - biologist takes hard stance against exotic fish species explosion in Maine waters. April 24, 2002 (Maine Lore: Ron Brokaw, MDIFW).

A look at how area lakes suffer (from exotic fish species explosion). April 24, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Smelt (and yellow perch) raising mystery solved - 10-year development effort results in commerical success. May 12, 2002 (Maine Lore).

Maine Regional Fishing Reports - illegal rainbow smelt introduction into Snake Pond (Moosehead Lake) Region E, Paul Johnson, Maine DIFW. July 20, 2002.

Biologists net walleye in Belgrade's Long Pond, October 13, 2002 (Outdoors).

Alien invader now invited guest? Northern pike enjoy status change after unlawful Introduction. March 23, 2003 (Maine Lore).

It's time to resolve issue of illegals. Guest Column by Bob Mallard, Madison, Maine. March 26, 2003 (Maine Lore).

Anglers' views vary on northern pike's value. March 30, 2003 (Maine Lore).

Officials talk out of both sides of mouth (re. illegal introductions of exotic fish species in Maine waters). March 30, 2003 (Outdoors).

Managing the Belgrades - Veteran anglers say old fisheries (landlocked Atlantic salmon) can be revived. April 6, 2003 (Maine Lore).

Effort on to protect lakes from milfoil (comments made regarding the spread of exotic fish species, including northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass). April 9, 2003, Jonathan Humphrey, Morning Sentinel Staff.

Fisheries biologists discover northern pike in Sebago Lake. June 4, 2003
Article by Dwayne Rioux, Morning Sentinel (Waterville, Maine).